Voiceless alveolar plosive

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IPA – number 103
IPA – text t
IPA – image {{{imagesize}}}
Entity t
X-SAMPA t
Kirshenbaum t
Sound sample (help·info)

The voiceless alveolar plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiceless dental, alveolar, and postalveolar plosives is t, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is t. The dental version can be distinguished with the underbridge diacritic (t̪; see voiceless dental plosive), and the Extensions to the IPA have a double underline diacritic which can be used to explicitly specify an alveolar pronunciation (t͇).

The [t] sound is a very common sound cross-linguistically; the most common consonant phonemes of the world's languages are [t], [k] and [p]. Most languages have at least a plain [t], and some distinguish more than one variety. The only languages known without a [t] are Hawaiian (outside of Ni‘ihau; Hawaiian uses a glottal stop as a 'replacement'), and colloquial Samoan, which also lacks an [n].[citation needed]

Contents

Features

Features of the voiceless alveolar plosive:

Varieties of the voiceless alveolar plosive

IPA Description
t tenuis t
tʰ aspirated t
tʲ palatalized t
tʷ labialized t
ⁿt prenasalized t
tˁ pharyngealized t
t̚ unreleased t
tʼ ejective t

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Chinese Mandarin 大/dà [ta˥˩] 'big' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Standard Mandarin
Czech toto [toto] 'this' See Czech phonology
Dutch[1] taal [taːl] 'language' See Dutch phonology
English tick [tʰɪk] 'tick' See English phonology
Finnish parta [pɑrtɑ] 'beard' Allophone of the voiceless dental plosive. See Finnish phonology
French[2] tordu [tɔʀdy] 'crooked' See French phonology
German Tochter [ˈtʰɔxtɐ] 'daughter' See German phonology
Greek τρία [ˈtria] 'three' See Modern Greek phonology
Hungarian tutaj [tutɒj] 'raft' See Hungarian phonology
Japanese[3] 特別/tokubetsu [tokɯbetsɯ] 'special' See Japanese phonology
Korean 턱/teok [tʰʌk̚̚ ] 'jaw' See Korean phonology
Norwegian tann [tɑn] 'tooth' See Norwegian phonology
Swedish tåg [ˈtʰoːg] 'train' See Swedish phonology
Thai ตา/ta [taː] 'eye'
Vietnamese ti [ti] 'flaw, defect' See Vietnamese phonology

See also

References

  1. ^ Gussenhoven (1992:45)
  2. ^ Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)
  3. ^ Okada (1991:94)

Bibliography

v • d • e
Consonants
List · Table
Pulmonics Bila​bial Labio​d. Den​tal Alv. Post. Retro​fl. Pal​a​tal Ve​lar Uvu​lar Pha​ryn. Epi​glot​t. Glot​tal Non-pulmonics and other symbols
Nasals m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ Clicks  ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ
Plosives p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Impl.  ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ
Fricatives  ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ Eject.  pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ sʼ
Approxim.  ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Affr.  t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ t͡ʂ d͡ʐ t͡ɬ d͡ɮ p̪͡f
Trills ʙ r • ʀ • Other laterals  ɺ • ɫ
Flaps / taps • ѵ ɾ ɽ • • Co-art. fricatives  ɕ ʑ ɧ
Lateral Fric. ɬ ɮ • • • Co-art. approxim.  ʍ w ɥ
Lateral Appr. l ɭ ʎ ʟ Co-articulated stops  k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m
This table contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help]
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged to be impossible.
See also IPA · Vowels