Voiced labiodental fricative

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IPA – number 129
IPA – text v
IPA – image {{{imagesize}}}
Entity v
X-SAMPA v
Kirshenbaum v
Sound sample (help·info)

The voiced labiodental fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is v, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is v.

Although this is a familiar sound to most European listeners, it is cross-linguistically a fairly uncommon sound, being only a quarter as frequent as [w]. The presence of [v] and absence of [w], along with the presence of otherwise unknown front rounded vowels [y, ø, œ], is a very distinctive areal feature of European languages and those of adjacent areas of Siberia and Central Asia.[citation needed] Speakers of East Asian languages which lack this sound like Mandarin and Japanese tend to pronounce [v] as [b], thus failing to distinguish the English words "very" and "berry".

Contents

Features

Features of the voiced labiodental fricative:

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Abkhaz европа [evˈropʼa] 'Europe' See Abkhaz phonology
Albanian valixhe [validʒɛ] 'case'
Arabic Siirt[1] ذهب [vaˈhab] 'gold' See Arabic phonology
Armenian վեց [vɛtsʰ] 'six'
Bai Dali  ? [ŋv˩˧] 'fish'
Catalan Balearic[2] blava [ˈblavə] 'blue' (f.) See Catalan phonology
Valencian[3]
southern Catalonia[4]
Chechen вашa/vaṣa [vaʃa] 'brother'
Czech voda [voda] 'water' See Czech phonology
Dutch[5] vreemd [vremt] 'strange' See Dutch phonology
English valve [væɫv] 'valve' See English phonology
Faroese røða [ˈɹøːva] 'speech'
French[6] valve [valv] 'valve' See French phonology
Georgian[7] ვიწრო [ˈvitsʼɾo] 'narrow'
German Wächter [ˈvɛçtɐ] 'guard' See German phonology
Greek βερνίκι [ve̞r.ˈni.ci] 'varnish' See Modern Greek phonology
Hungarian veszély [vɛseːj] 'danger' See Hungarian phonology
Italian[8] avare [aˈvare] 'miserly' (f.pl.) See Italian phonology
Kabardian зэвы [zævɛ] 'narrow'
Ladino mueve [ˈmwɛvɛ] 'nine'
Norwegian vann [vɑn] 'water' See Norwegian phonology
Polish[9] wór [vur] (help·info) 'bag' See Polish phonology
Portuguese[10] vinho [ˈviɲu] 'wine' See Portuguese phonology
Romanian val [val] 'wave' See Romanian phonology
Russian[11] волосы [ˈvoləsɨ] 'hair' Contrasts with palatalized form. See Russian phonology
Spanish[12] afgano [av'ɣano̞] 'Afghan' See Spanish phonology
Swedish vägg [ˈvɛg] 'wall' See Swedish phonology
Turkish ev [ev] 'house' See Turkish phonology
Vietnamese vê [ve] 'to roll' Variety: [je]. See Vietnamese phonology

See also

References

  1. ^ Watson (2002:15)
  2. ^ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:53)
  3. ^ Wheeler (2002:13)
  4. ^ Wheeler (2002:13)
  5. ^ Gussenhoven (1992:45)
  6. ^ Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)
  7. ^ Shosted & Chikovani (2006:255)
  8. ^ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:117)
  9. ^ Jassem (2003:103)
  10. ^ Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
  11. ^ Padgett (2003:42)
  12. ^ http://www.uclm.es/profesorado/nmoreno/compren/material/2006apuntes_fonetica.pdf; http://plaza.ufl.edu/lmassery/Consonantes%20oclusivasreviewlaurie.doc

Bibliography

v • d • e
Consonants
List · Table
Pulmonics Bila​bial Labio​d. Den​tal Alv. Post. Retro​fl. Pal​a​tal Ve​lar Uvu​lar Pha​ryn. Epi​glot​t. Glot​tal Non-pulmonics and other symbols [edit • talk]
Nasals m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ  Clicks  ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ
Plosives p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ  Impl.  ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ
Fricatives ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ  Eject.  pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ sʼ
Approxim. ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ  Affr.  p̪͡f t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ t͡ɬ d͡ɮ
Trills ʙ r • ʀ • Other laterals  ɺ • ɫ
Flaps / taps ⱱ̟ ⱱ ɾ ɽ • • Co-art. fricatives  ɕ ʑ ɧ
Lateral Fric. ɬ ɮ • • • Co-art. approxim.  ʍ w ɥ
Lateral Appr. l ɭ ʎ ʟ Co-articulated stops  k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m
This table contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help]
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged to be impossible.
See also IPA · Vowels