Voiced dental plosive

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IPA – number 104 + 408
IPA – text d̪
IPA – image
Entity d̪
X-SAMPA d_d
Kirshenbaum d[
Sound sample (help·info)

The voiced dental plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is d̪, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is d_d. This is the symbol for the voiced alveolar plosive with the "bridge below" diacritic meaning dental.

Contents

Features

Features of the voiced dental plosive:

Occurrence

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True dental consonants are relatively uncommon. In the Romance languages, /d/ is often called dental. However, the rearmost contact (which is what gives a consonant its distinctive sound) is actually alveolar, or perhaps denti-alveolar; the fact that the front of the tongue touches the teeth may be more visible, but is unimportant acoustically.[citation needed] The difference between the /d/ sounds of the Romance languages and English is not so much where the tongue contacts the roof of the mouth as which part of the tongue makes the contact. In English, it is the tip of the tongue (such sounds are termed apical), whereas in a number of Romance languages, it is the flat of the tongue just above the tip (such sounds are called laminal).

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Arabic Standard[1] دولة [ˈd̪awlɐ] 'state' See Arabic phonology
Dinka dhek [d̪ek] 'distinct'
Catalan[2] ull de bou [uʎ d̪ə ˈβɔw] 'round window' See Catalan phonology
Croatian disati [d̪isati] 'to breathe'
English Irish that [d̪æt] 'that' Some dialects. See English phonology
Georgian[3] კუდი [ˈkud̪i] 'tail'
Hindi दाल [d̪ɑl] 'lentils' Hindi contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms. See Hindi-Urdu phonology
Italian[4] dare [ˈd̪are] 'to give' See Italian phonology
Pashto ﺪﻮﻩ [ˈd̪wɑ] 'two'
Polish[5] dom [d̪ɔm] (help·info) 'home' See Polish phonology
Portuguese[6] dar [d̪aɾ] 'to give' See Portuguese phonology
Russian[7] дышать [d̪ɨˈʂatʲ] 'to breathe' Contrasts with a palatalized voiced alveolar plosive. See Russian phonology
Serbian дисати [d̪isati] 'to breathe'
Spanish[8] hundido [ũn̪ˈd̪̪iðo̞] 'sunken' See Spanish phonology
Turkish dal [d̪äl] 'finger' See Turkish phonology

References

  1. ^ Watson (2002:14)
  2. ^ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:53)
  3. ^ Shosted & Chikovani (2006:255)
  4. ^ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:117)
  5. ^ Jassem (2003:103)
  6. ^ Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
  7. ^ Jones & Ward (1969:99)
  8. ^ Martínez-Celdrán et al (2003:255)

Bibliography

See also

v • d • e
Consonants
List · Table
Pulmonics Bila​bial Labio​d. Den​tal Alv. Post. Retro​fl. Pal​a​tal Ve​lar Uvu​lar Pha​ryn. Epi​glot​t. Glot​tal Non-pulmonics and other symbols
Nasals m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ Clicks  ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ
Plosives p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Impl.  ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ
Fricatives  ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ Eject.  pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ sʼ
Approxim.  ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Affr.  t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ t͡ʂ d͡ʐ t͡ɬ d͡ɮ p̪͡f
Trills ʙ r • ʀ • Other laterals  ɺ • ɫ
Flaps / taps • ѵ ɾ ɽ • • Co-art. fricatives  ɕ ʑ ɧ
Lateral Fric. ɬ ɮ • • • Co-art. approxim.  ʍ w ɥ
Lateral Appr. l ɭ ʎ ʟ Co-articulated stops  k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m
This table contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help]
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged to be impossible.
See also IPA · Vowels