Voiced bilabial plosive

From MedBib.com - Medicine & Nature

IPA – number	102
IPA – text	b
IPA – image
Entity	b
X-SAMPA	`b`
Kirshenbaum	`b`
Sound sample (help·info)

The voiced bilabial plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is b, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is b. The voiced bilabial plosive occurs in English, and it is the sound denoted by the letter "b" in boy. Many Indian languages, such as Hindi, have a two-way contrast between aspirated and plain [b].

1 Features
2 Varieties
3 Occurrence
4 See also
5 References
6 Bibliography

Features

Features of the voiced bilabial plosive:

Its manner of articulation is plosive or stop, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract.
Its place of articulation is bilabial which means it is articulated with both lips.
Its phonation type is voiced, which means the vocal cords are vibrating during the articulation.
It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

Varieties

IPA	Description
b	plain b
bʷ	labialised
b̜ʷ	semi-labialised
b̹ʷ	strongly labialised
bʲ	palatalised

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Arabic	Standard^[1]	كتب	[ˈkatabɐ]	'he wrote'	See Arabic phonology
Catalan^[2]		blau	[blaw]	'blue' (m.)	See Catalan phonology
Czech		bota	[bota]	'boot'	See Czech phonology
Dutch^[3]		boer	[buːr]	'farmer'	See Dutch phonology
English		aback	[əˈbæk]	'aback'	See English phonology
French^[4]		boue	[bu]	'mud'	See French phonology
Georgian^[5]		ბავშვი	[ˈbavʃvi]	'child'
German		Bub	[buːp]	'boy'	See German phonology
Greek		μπόχα	[ˈbo̞xa]	'reek'	See Modern Greek phonology
Hindi		बाल	[bɑːl]	'hair'	See Hindi-Urdu phonology
Hungarian		baba	[bɒbɒ]	'baby'	See Hungarian phonology
Italian^[6]		bile	[ˈbile]	'rage'	See Italian phonology
Japanese^[7]		番/ban	[baɴ]	'(one's) turn'	See Japanese phonology
Korean		바보/ babo	[paːbo]	'fool'	See Korean phonology
Malay		baru	[baru]	'new'
Maltese		għatba	[aːtˈba]	'threshold'
Norwegian		bål	[ˈbɔːl]	'bonfire'	See Norwegian phonology
Pirahã		pibaóí	[ˈpìbàóí̯]	'parent'
Polish^[8]		bas	[bas] (help·info)	'bass'	See Polish phonology
Portuguese^[9]		bato	[ˈbatu]	'I strike'	See Portuguese phonology
Romanian^[10]		bou	[bow]	'bull'	See Romanian phonology.
Russian^[11]		рыба	[ˈrɨbə] (help·info)	'fish'	Contrasts with palatalized form. See Russian phonology
Slovak		byť	[bic]	'to be'
Spanish^[12]		invertir	[ĩmbe̞rˈtir]	'to invest'	See Spanish phonology
Swedish		bra	[ˈbrɑː]	'good'	See Swedish phonology
Turkish		bulut	[ˈbulut̪]	'cloud'	See Turkish phonology
Zapotec	Tilquiapan^[13]	bald	[bal͡d]	'few'

References

^ Thelwall (1990:37)
^ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:53)
^ Gussenhoven (1992:45)
^ Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)
^ Shosted & Chikovani (2006:255)
^ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:117)
^ Okada (1991:94)
^ Jassem (2003:103)
^ Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
^ DEX Online : [1]
^ Padgett (2003:42)
^ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:255)
^ Merrill (2008:108)

Bibliography

Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (1-2): 53–56
Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 25 (2): 90–94
Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23 (2): 73–76
Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (2): 45–47
Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (1): 103–107
Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (2): 255–259
Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquipan Zapotec", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 38 (1): 107–114
Okada, Hideo (1991), "Phonetic Representation:Japanese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 21 (2): 94–97
Padgett, Jaye (2003), "Contrast and Post-Velar Fronting in Russian", Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 21 (1): 39–87
Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (1): 117–121
Shosted, Ryan K.; Vakhtang, Chikovani (2006), "Standard Georgian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36 (2): 255–264
Thelwall, Robin (1990), "Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20 (2): 37–41

Consonants

List · Table

Pulmonics

	Non-pulmonics and other symbols [edit • talk]
Clicks		ʘ		ǀ		ǃ		ǂ		ǁ
Impl.		ɓ		ɗ		ʄ		ɠ		ʛ
Eject.		pʼ		tʼ		kʼ		qʼ		sʼ
Affr.	p̪͡f	t͡s	d͡z	t͡ʃ	d͡ʒ	t͡ɕ	d͡ʑ	ʈ͡ʂ	ɖ͡ʐ	t͡ɬ	d͡ɮ
Other laterals								ɺ	•	ɫ
Co-art. fricatives								ɕ	ʑ	ɧ
Co-art. approxim.								ʍ	w	ɥ
Co-articulated stops								k͡p	ɡ͡b	ŋ͡m

This table contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help]
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged to be impossible.

See also IPA · Vowels

Categories: Bilabial consonants

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
All material adapted used from Wikipedia is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.
Seeking health information online: does Wikipedia matter?