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Please help improve this article or section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion. (February 2007) |
Team sport refers to sports that are practiced between opposing teams, where the players interact directly and simultaneously between them to achieve an objective. The objective generally involves team members facilitating the movement of a ball or similar item in accordance with a set of rules, in order to score points.
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Team sports with wide participation include basketball, football, ping pong, javelin , hammerthrow (in its various forms), cricket, rugby union, rugby league, baseball, handball, hockey, volleyball, and marching band. A team sport is a sport that you play with a team, not like tennis. The term is used to distinguish itself from individual sports which are based solely on individuals' merit (i.e. most racket sports, boxing or Martial arts) and individual timed races such as may occur in Athletics track and field athletics or swimming. However, racing sports like swimming, cross country running, and track and field are also contested as team sports, especially scholastically. Although they differ in many ways from ball sports, teamwork and team scoring play a major part in these competitions. As with other team sports, scoring relies on the depth and versatility of the team, although standouts can significantly affect their team's points. Team sports are when a team works "together" as a unit.
Most team sports involve a ball or other object. In some sports such as football, basketball or handball, the teams contend for possession of the object, which must be passed through some sort of goal sport; in other sports, such as volleyball, the teams pass the object back and forth in an attempt to place it in contact with a certain area of the playing field or court. Baseball, cricket, and other sports which use a bat to strike at the ball, are relatively unusual in that the team playing defense controls the ball, with the team attempting to score trying to propel the ball away from themselves while the players themselves attempt to reach a specified goal. Cheerleading, to the extent that it is considered a sport, is a team sport that does not involve a ball at all. Instead it relies on the athletic ability and creativity of participants in developing and executing artistic configurations. Marching Band, another common team sport, also does not involve a ball. It instead uses the musicality and endurance of the members of the band. It is often judged on music, marching ability, and visuals.
Relay and pairs events are not considered team sports.
Evidence suggests that the Mesoamerican ballgame was played as a team sport as much as 1,000 years BC, with competing teams attempting to pass a rubber ball through a vertically suspended stone circle.
One of the greatest advantages of participating in team sports is that it encourages people to interact and get along with others, and teaches participants to cooperate with one another.
Team sports tend to follow the human trend of pack cooperation to achieve certain physical goals, and to compete with rival humans.
Team sports improve skill level not only because others are relying on participants' performances, but because each player still has the human nature to be competitive, even against his or her teammates.
Some would argue, however, that sport is part of the mechanism of ideology. This is to say that it is part of the apparatus which aims, above all else, at the reproduction of the status quo. Partly because of the play character of the activity, i.e., because of the empty and disciplinary repetition, and partly because of the external imposition of "rules," one is arguably forced into considering sport as conditioning for acquiescing before aimless modes of production. Just as in post-industrial society the work force must learn to submit to relations of production that repress the real needs of its citizens, so too in sport do they learn to compete with and against each other, in the service of a vacuous prize. Is it an accident, then, that the rise of the predominance of team sport is simultaneous with the emergence of an administered and increasingly technological society?
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