List of Norwegian monarchs

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Coronation of Karl III Johan in Nidaros Cathedral 1818

Members of Norwegian, Swedish, and Danish royal families have been Norwegian monarchs. Norwegian territories were not united until about 860 and were ruled by jarls. Harald Fairhair united the territories about 860, creating the Norwegian kingdom and founding the Fairhair dynasty.[1]

Norway was under the control of Danish monarchs from 1380 until 1814.[2] During this time, several political entities were created which included both Norway and Denmark. Margaret I of Denmark created the Union of Kalmar in 1397, merging the kingdoms of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. In 1481, after the death of Christian I, Sweden abandoned the Union and a two-year interregnum in Norway resulted. Many Norwegians wished to remain in union with Denmark; others preferred to join with Sweden.[3] In 1536, after the Swedish secession, the Kingdom of Denmark–Norway was formed; it included the dependencies of Iceland, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands and lasted until 1814. In that year, Norway briefly regained independence but, after several months, was forced into union with Sweden.[4] Since 1905, Norway has been a constitutional monarchy ruled by a cadet line of the Danish House of Glücksburg.[2]

Early regnal dates are traditional and of uncertain accuracy. Before the Norwegian Law of Succession was introduced in 1163, inheritance of the throne was an affair filled with deep conflicts; in many cases, brothers would initially share it. Early Viking kings are listed using the name common in historic sources, with the Norwegian name in parentheses.

Contents

Key

P Period of rulership
 I  Independent period
 D  Union with Denmark
 S  Union with Sweden
 DS  Union with Denmark and Sweden
 R  Interregnum

Rulers of Norway

Jarl Hákon, king of Norway 970-995
Carl I of Norway, king of Norway 1448-1450
Christian VII (1749-1808), king of Norway 1766-1808.
Oscar I (1799-1859), king of Norway 1844-1859
Karl IV (1822-1872), king of Norway 1859-1872
Oscar II (1829–1907), king of Norway 1872–1905
Haakon VII (1872–1957), king of Norway 1905–1957
Olav V (1903-1991), king of Norway 1957-1991
Harald V, the current king of Norway
P Name Dynasty From Until Notes
I Harald Fairhair
(Harald Hårfagre)		 Fairhair 00862 862 00933 933 —
I Eirik Bloodaxe
(Eirik Blodøks)		 Fairhair 00930 930 00934 934 [5]
I Håkon the Good
(Håkon den Gode)		 Fairhair 00934 934 00961 961 —
I Harald Greycloak
(Harald Gråfell)		 Fairhair 00961 961 00970 970 —
I Earl Haakon
(Håkon Jarl)		 Jarls 00970 970 00995 995 [6]
I Olaf Tryggvason
(Óláfr Tryggvason)		 Fairhair 00995 995 01000 1000 —
D Sveinn Hákonarson Jarls 01000 1000 01015 1015 [7][8]
D Eiríkr Hákonarson
(Eiríkr jarl Hákonarson)		 Jarls 01000 1000 01012 1012 [7]
D Håkon Eiriksson Jarls 01012 1012 01015 1015 [8]
I Olaf Haraldsson, Saint Olav
(Sankt Olav / Olav den Hellige)		 Fairhair 01015 1015 01028 1028 —
D Canute the Great
(Knut den Mektige)		 Fairhair 01028 1028 01035 1035 [9][10]
D Håkon Eiriksson Jarls 01028 1028 01029 1029 [9]
D Sveinn Knútsson Fairhair 01030 1030 01035 1035 [10]
I Magnus the Good
(Magnus den Gode)		 Fairhair 01035 1035 01047 1047 [11]
I Harald Hardrule
(Harald Hardråde)		 Fairhair 01045 1045 01066 1066 [11]
I Magnus Haraldsson Fairhair 01066 1066 01069 1069 [12]
I Olaf the peaceful
(Olaf Kyrre)		 Fairhair 01067 1067 01093 1093 [12]
I Håkon Magnusson Fairhair 01093 1093 01094 1094 [13]
I Magnus Barefoot
(Magnus Berføtt)		 Fairhair 01093 1093 01103 1103 [13]
I Olaf Magnusson Fairhair 01103 1103 01115 1115 [14]
I Øystein Magnusson Fairhair 01103 1103 01123 1123 [14]
I Sigurd the Crusader
(Sigurd Jorsalfar)		 Fairhair 01103 1103 01130 1130 [14]
I Magnus the Blind
(Magnus Blinde)		 Fairhair 01130 1130 01135 1135 [15]
I Harald Gille Fairhair 01130 1130 01136 1136 [15]
I Sigurd Mouth
(Sigurd Munn)		 Fairhair 01136 1136 01155 1155 [16]
I Øystein Haraldsson Fairhair 01136 1136 01157 1157 [16]
I Inge Hunchback
(Inge Krokrygg)		 Fairhair 01136 1136 01161 1161 [16]
I Haakon the Broadshouldered
(Håkon Herdebrei)		 Fairhair 01157 1157 01162 1162 —
I Magnus Erlingsson Hardrada 01162 1162 01184 1184 —
I Sverre Sigurdsson Sverre 01177 1177/1184 01202-03-09 March 9, 1202 [17]
I Håkon Sverreson Sverre 01202-03-09 March 9, 1202 01204 1204 —
I Guttorm Sigurdsson Sverre 01204 1204 01204-08-11 August 11, 1204 [18]
I Inge Bårdsson Gille 01204-08-11 August 11, 1204 01217-04-23 April 23, 1217 —
I Håkon IV Håkonsson Sverre 01217-04-23 April 23, 1217 01263 1263 —
I Magnus the law-mender
(Magnus Lagabøte)		 Sverre 01263 1263 01280 1280 —
I Eirik Magnusson Sverre 01280 1280 01299 1299 —
I Håkon V Magnusson Sverre 01299 1299 01319 1319 —
S Magnus Eriksson Bjelbo 01319 1319 01343 1343 —
S Håkon VI Magnusson Bjelbo 01343 1343 01380 1380 —
D Olav IV Håkonsson Bjelbo 01380 1380 01387 1387 —
DS Margaret I
(Margrethe I)		 — 01387 1387 01389 1389 —
DS Eric III
(Eric of Pomerania)		 — 01389 1389 01442 1442 [19]
DS Christopher of Bavaria Wittelsbach 01442 1442 01448 1448 —
S Carl I of Norway
(Karl Knutsson Bonde)		 Bonde 01448 1448 01450 1450 —
DS Christian I Oldenburg 01450 1450 01481 1481 —
R Interregnum — 01481 1481 01483 1483 —
D Hans Oldenburg 01483 1483 01513 1513 —
D Christian II Oldenburg 01513 1513 01523 1523 —
D Frederick I Oldenburg 01523 1523 01533 1533 —
D Christian III Oldenburg 01534 1534 01559 1559 —
D Frederick II Oldenburg 01559 1559 01588 1588 —
D Christian IV Oldenburg 01588 1588 01648 1648 —
D Frederick III Oldenburg 01648 1648 01670 1670 —
D Christian V Oldenburg 01670 1670 01699 1699 —
D Frederick IV Oldenburg 01699 1699 01730 1730 —
D Christian VI Oldenburg 01730 1730 01746 1746 —
D Frederick V Oldenburg 01746 1746 01766 1766 —
D Christian VII Oldenburg 01766 1766 01808 1808 —
D Frederick VI Oldenburg 01808 1808 01814 1814 —
I Christian Frederik Oldenburg 01814-05-17 May 17, 1814 01814-10-10 October 10, 1814 —
S Charles II Holstein-Gottorp 01814 1814 01818 1818 —
S Karl III Johan Bernadotte 01818 1818 01844 1844 —
S Oscar I Bernadotte 01844 1844 01859 1859 —
S Karl IV Bernadotte 01859 1859 01872 1872 —
S Oscar II Bernadotte 01872 1872 01905-11-18 November 18, 1905 —
I Haakon VII Glücksburg 01905-11-18 November 18, 1905 01957-09-21 September 21, 1957 —
I Olav V Glücksburg 01957-09-21 September 21, 1957 01991-01-17 January 17, 1991 —
I Harald V Glücksburg 01991-01-17 January 17, 1991 present —

Succession to the Norwegian Throne

Main article: Line of succession to the Norwegian Throne
  1. HRH Crown Prince Haakon Magnus (b. 1973)
  2. HRH Princess Ingrid Alexandra (b. 2004)
  3. HH Prince Sverre Magnus (b. 2005)
  4. HH Princess Märtha Louise (b. 1971)
  5. Maud Angelica Behn (b. 2003)
  6. Leah Isadora Behn (b. 2005)

See also

Notes and references

General references
Notes
  1. ^ Carlyle p.3
  2. ^ a b "History". The Royal Court. Retrieved on 2008-06-17.
  3. ^ Orfield, Lester B.; Benjamin F. (FRW) Boyer (2002). The Growth of Scandinavian Law. The Lawbook Exchange, p.144. ISBN 9781584771807. Retrieved on 2008-08-04. 
  4. ^ "Union with Sweden in 1814". The Royal Court. Retrieved on 2008-06-17.
  5. ^ Eirik Bloodaxe was the co-monarch with his father Harald Fairhair from 930–933
  6. ^ Earl Haakon was the last Jarl to be the King of Norway.
    Pulsiano, Phillip; Kirsten Wolf (1993). Medieval Scandinavia: An Encyclopedia. Taylor & Francis, 259. ISBN 0824047877. 
  7. ^ a b Eiríkr Hákonarson was the co-regent with his half-brother Sveinn Hákonarson from 1010–1012
  8. ^ a b Håkon Eiriksson was the co-regent with his grandfather Sveinn Hákonarson from 1012–1015
  9. ^ a b Håkon Eiriksson ruled on behalf of his uncle Canute the Great from 1028–1029
  10. ^ a b Sveinn Knútsson on the behalf of his father Canute the Great from 1030–1035
  11. ^ a b Harald Hardrule and Magnus the Good were co-monarchs between 1045–1047
  12. ^ a b Magnus Haraldsson and Olaf the peaceful were co-monarchs between 1067–1069.
  13. ^ a b Håkon Magnusson and Magnus Barefoot were co-monarchs between 1093–1094.
  14. ^ a b c The three brothers, Olaf Magnusson, Øystein Magnusson and Sigurd the Crusader, were sharing the throne after their father's death in 1103. Each brother was at the throne until his death.
  15. ^ a b Magnus the Blind and his nephew Harald Gille were co-monarchs between 1130 and 1135.
  16. ^ a b c The three brothers, Sigurd Mouth, Øystein Haraldsson and Inge Hunchback, were sharing the throne after their father's death in 1136. Each brother was at the throne until his death.
  17. ^ Sverre Sigurdsson was at war with Magnus Erlingsson between 1177–1184.
  18. ^ Guttorm Sigurdsson was four years old at the time he was coronated as the King of Norway. The earl Haakon the Crazy was appointed to rule the nation.
  19. ^ Eric III was seven years old at the time he became the king. Margaret I ruled Norway until her death in 1412.

External links

v • d • e
Heads of State of Europe
1 Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on the definition of the border between Europe and Asia. 2 Partially recognized countries.
v • d • e
Monarchs of Norway
Fairhair dynasty
(except *)
Harald Fairhair · Eric Bloodaxe · Haakon the Good · Harald Greycloak · Haakon Sigurdsson* · Olaf Tryggvason · Eiríkr Hákonarson (R)* & Sveinn Hákonarson (R)* & Hákon Eiríksson (R)* · Sweyn Forkbeard*†§ · Olaf the Saint · Hákon Eiríksson (R)* · Canute the Great*†§ · Sveinn Álfífuson · Magnus the Good† · Harald Hardrada · Magnus Haraldsson · Olaf Kyrre · Haakon Magnusson & Magnus Barefoot · Olaf Magnusson · Eystein Magnusson · Sigurd the Crusader · Magnus the Blind · Harald Gille · Sigurd Munn · Eystein Haraldsson · Inge Haraldsson · Haakon Herdebrei · Magnus Erlingsson · Sverre Sigurdsson · Haakon Sverresson · Guttorm Sigurdsson · Inge Bårdsson · Haakon Haakonsson · Magnus the Law-mender · Eric Magnusson · Haakon V Magnusson
House of Bjelbo
The Kalmar union
House of Oldenburg
(Union with Denmark)
Christian I† · Hans† · Christian II† · Frederick I† · Christian III† · Frederick II† · Christian IV† · Frederick III† · Christian V† · Frederick IV† · Christian VI† · Frederick V† · Christian VII† · Frederick VI†
Independence of 1814
House of Bernadotte
(Union with Sweden)
Charles II (not Bernadotte)‡ · Charles III John‡ · Oscar I‡ · Charles IV‡ · Oscar II‡
House of
Schleswig-Holstein-
Sonderburg-Glücksburg
(R) Regent · † also Monarch of Denmark · ‡ also Monarch of Sweden · § also Monarch of England