Palatal lateral approximant

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The palatal lateral approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʎ, a turned letter "y" (not to be confused with lowercase lambda, λ), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is L.

Features

Features of the palatal lateral approximant:

Its manner of articulation is approximant, which means it is produced by bringing one articulator close to another but without the vocal tract being narrowed to such an extent that a turbulent airstream is produced.

Its place of articulation is palatal which means it is articulated with the middle or back part of the tongue raised against the hard palate.

Its phonation type is voiced, which means the vocal cords are vibrating during the articulation.

It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.

It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the sides of the tongue, rather than the middle of the tongue.

The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

Occurrence

Language	Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Arpitan	balyi	[baʎi]	'give'
Aymara	llaki	[ʎaki]	'sad'
Bulgarian	любов	[ʎubov]	'love'
Catalan^[1]	ull	[ˈuʎ]	'eye'	The sound is very frequent in the language and can appear even in coda position. Some Catalan speakers, notably those of the Balearic dialects, merge this sound with semivocalic "i" /j/, a phenomenon called ieisme and akin to Spanish yeísmo. See Catalan phonology.
Croatian	odijeljen	[ˈodijeːʎen]	'separated'
Enindhilyagwa	angalya	[aŋaʎa]	'place'
Faroese	fylgja	[fɪʎʤa]	'to follow'
Galician	ollo	[ˈoʎo]	'eye'	Many Galician speakers are nowadays yeístas because of influence from Spanish.
Greek	λιακάδα	[ʎaˈkaða]	'sunshine'	See Modern Greek phonology.
Hungarian^[2]	lyuk	[ˈʎuk]	'hole'	This sound is currently archaic in the language and preserved only in non-standard dialects of the northern part of the country. Modern standard Hungarian has undergone a phenomenon akin to Spanish yeísmo, merging the old phoneme of "ly" into that of "j". See Hungarian ly.
Italian^[3]	figlio	[ˈfiʎːo]	'son'	The sound is pronounced geminate, except when word initial (as in the definite article gli). See Italian phonology.
Norwegian	northern dialects	alle	[ɑʎːe]	'everybody'	See Norwegian phonology.
Portuguese^[4]	olho	[ˈoʎu]	'eye'	See Portuguese phonology.
Occitan		miralhar	[miraˈʎa]	'to reflect'
Gascon	hilh	[hiʎ]	'son'
Quechua	allin	[ˈaʎin]	'good'
Scottish Gaelic	till	[tʃʰiːʎ]	'return'
Serbian	љуљaшka /ljuljaška	[ʎuʎаʃkа]	'swing (seat)'
Sissano	piyl	[piʎ]	'fish'
Slovak	roľa	[ˈrɔʎa]	'field'
Slovene	polje	[ˈpoʎe]	'field'
Spanish^[5]	millón	[miˈʎon]	'million'	For most speakers this sound has disappeared and merged with "y" (/ʝ/ or /ʒ/ depending on dialect), a phenomenon called yeísmo. See Spanish phonology.

Language

Word

IPA

Meaning

Notes

Arpitan

balyi

[baʎi]

'give'

Aymara

llaki

[ʎaki]

'sad'

Bulgarian

любов

[ʎubov]

'love'

Catalan^[1]

ull

[ˈuʎ]

'eye'

The sound is very frequent in the language and can appear even in coda position. Some Catalan speakers, notably those of the Balearic dialects, merge this sound with semivocalic "i" /j/, a phenomenon called ieisme and akin to Spanish yeísmo. See Catalan phonology.

Croatian

odijeljen

[ˈodijeːʎen]

'separated'

Enindhilyagwa

angalya

[aŋaʎa]

'place'

Faroese

fylgja

[fɪʎʤa]

'to follow'

Galician

ollo

[ˈoʎo]

'eye'

Many Galician speakers are nowadays yeístas because of influence from Spanish.

Greek

λιακάδα

[ʎaˈkaða]

'sunshine'

See Modern Greek phonology.

Hungarian^[2]

lyuk

[ˈʎuk]

'hole'

This sound is currently archaic in the language and preserved only in non-standard dialects of the northern part of the country. Modern standard Hungarian has undergone a phenomenon akin to Spanish yeísmo, merging the old phoneme of "ly" into that of "j". See Hungarian ly.

Italian^[3]

figlio

[ˈfiʎːo]

'son'

The sound is pronounced geminate, except when word initial (as in the definite article gli). See Italian phonology.

Norwegian

northern dialects

alle

[ɑʎːe]

'everybody'

See Norwegian phonology.

Portuguese^[4]

olho

[ˈoʎu]

'eye'

See Portuguese phonology.

Occitan

miralhar

[miraˈʎa]

'to reflect'

Gascon

hilh

[hiʎ]

'son'

Quechua

allin

[ˈaʎin]

'good'

Scottish Gaelic

till

[tʃʰiːʎ]

'return'

Serbian

љуљaшka /ljuljaška

[ʎuʎаʃkа]

'swing (seat)'

Sissano

piyl

[piʎ]

'fish'

Slovak

roľa

[ˈrɔʎa]

'field'

Slovene

polje

[ˈpoʎe]

'field'

Spanish^[5]

millón

[miˈʎon]

'million'

For most speakers this sound has disappeared and merged with "y" (/ʝ/ or /ʒ/ depending on dialect), a phenomenon called yeísmo. See Spanish phonology.

Bibliography

Carbonell, Joan F. & Joaquim Llisterri (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (1-2): 53-56

Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 25 (2): 90-94

Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Ana Ma. Fernández-Planas & Josefina Carrera-Sabaté (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (2): 255-259

Rogers, Derek & Luciana d'Arcangeli (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (1): 117-121

Pulmonics

Non-pulmonics and other symbols [edit • talk]

Clicks

Impl.

Eject.

Affr.

This table contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help]
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged to be impossible.

IPA – number	157
IPA – text	ʎ
IPA – image
Entity	ʎ
X-SAMPA	`L`
Kirshenbaum	`l^`
Sound sample (help·info)

Palatal lateral approximant

From MedBib.com - Medicine & Nature

Contents

Features

Occurrence

See also

References

Bibliography