Palatal approximant

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IPA – number 153
IPA – text j
IPA – image {{{imagesize}}}
Entity j
X-SAMPA j
Kirshenbaum j
Sound sample (help·info)

The palatal approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is j. The equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is j, or equivalently, i_^, and in the Americanist phonetic notation it is y.

In the writing systems used for most of the languages of Central, Northern and Eastern Europe, the letter j denotes the palatal approximant, as in German Jahr 'year'.

Contents

Features

Features of the palatal approximant:

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Arabic Standard يوم [jəwm] 'day' See Arabic phonology
Catalan[1] veiem [bəˈjɛm] 'we see' See Catalan phonology
Chechen ялх/yalx [jalx] 'six'
Chinese Cantonese 日/jat9 [jɐt˨ʔ] 'day' See Standard Cantonese
Danish jeg [jɑɪ] , [jɐ] 'I' See Danish phonology
Dutch jaar [ja:r] 'year' See Dutch phonology
English you [juː] 'you' See English phonology
Esperanto jaro [jaro] 'year' See Esperanto phonology
Finnish jalka [ˈjɑlkɑ] 'leg' See Finnish phonology
French yeux [jø] 'eyes' See French phonology
German Joch [jɔx] 'yoke' See German phonology
Hebrew ילד [jeːleːd] 'boy' See Hebrew phonology
Hungarian játék [jaːteːk] 'game' See Hungarian phonology
Kabardian йи [ji] 'game'
Irish ghreamaigh [ˈjɾʲamˠə] 'stuck' See Irish phonology
Italian[2] ione [ˈjone] 'ion' See Italian phonology
Japanese やった/yatta [jatːa] 'i did it' See Japanese phonology
Korean 야구/yaku [ˈjaːgu] 'baseball' See Korean phonology
Norwegian jul [jʉːl] 'Christmas' See Norwegian phonology
Polish[3] jutro [ˈjutrɔ]  (help·info) 'tomorrow' See Polish phonology
Romanian iar [jar] 'again' Non-syllabic allophone of /i/. See Romanian phonology
Russian я [ja] 'I' See Russian phonology
Spanish[4] viuda [ˈbjuða] 'widow' Non-syllabic allophone of /i/. See Spanish phonology
Swedish jag [ˈjɑːg] 'I' See Swedish phonology
Turkish yol [jol] 'way' See Turkish phonology
Ubykh [ajəwʃqʼa] 'you did it' See Ubykh phonology
Ukrainian їжак [ji'ʒak] 'hedgehog' See Ukrainian phonology
Vietnamese de [jɛ] 'cinnamon' See Vietnamese phonology

See also

References

  1. ^ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:53)
  2. ^ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:117)
  3. ^ Jassem (2003:103)
  4. ^ Martínez-Celdrán et al (2003:256)

Bibliography

v • d • e
Consonants
List · Table
Pulmonics Bila​bial Labio​d. Den​tal Alv. Post. Retro​fl. Pal​a​tal Ve​lar Uvu​lar Pha​ryn. Epi​glot​t. Glot​tal Non-pulmonics and other symbols [edit • talk]
Nasals m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ  Clicks  ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ
Plosives p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ  Impl.  ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ
Fricatives ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ  Eject.  pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ sʼ
Approxim. β̞ ʋ ð̞ ɹ ɻ j ɰ  Affr.  p̪͡f t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ t͡ɬ d͡ɮ
Trills ʙ r • ʀ • Other laterals  ɺ • ɫ
Flaps / taps ⱱ̟ ⱱ ɾ ɽ • • Co-art. fricatives  ɕ ʑ ɧ
Lateral Fric. ɬ ɮ • • • Co-art. approxim.  ʍ w ɥ
Lateral Appr. l ɭ ʎ ʟ Co-articulated stops  k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m
This table contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help]
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged to be impossible.
See also IPA · Vowels