Oghur languages

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The Oghur languages (also known as Oghur, Oghuric, Oghur-Turkic, or Lir-Turkic), are a separate branch of the Turkic language family.

Subgrouping

A tentative subgrouping results in the following list of languages:

• Khazar
• Eurasian Avar, or Turkic Avar
• Bulgar
• Hunnic
• Chuvash

The languages of this branch are all extinct except for Chuvash.

Little is known about any precise interrelation of these different languages and it is a matter of dispute whether Chuvash might be the daughter language of any of these or just a sister branch (Johanson 1998).

Known linguistic features

The Oghur languages are characterized by sound correspondences such as Oghuric l versus Common Turkic š and Oghuric r versus Common Turkic z. Oghuric is sometimes referred to as Lir-Turkic and Common Turkic as Shaz-Turkic. It is not clear when these two major types of Turkic can be assumed to have actually diverged (Vajda 2000).

References

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• Brook, Kevin Alan. 2006. The Jews of Khazaria. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2nd ed. (1999. Northvale, N.J.: Jason Aronson, 1st ed.[2]
• Clark, Larry. 1998. "Chuvash." In: Johanson & Csató, pp. 434-452.
• Clausen, Gerard. 1972. An etymological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Décsy, Gyula. 1998. The Turkic protolanguage: A computa- tional reconstruction. Bloomington, IN: Eurolingua.
• Dunlop, Douglas M. 1954. The History of the Jewish Khazars. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
• Gmyrya, L. 1995. Hun country at the Caspian Gate: Caspian Dagestan during the epoch of the Great Movement of Peoples. Makhachkala: Dagestan Publishing.
• Golb, Norman & Omeljan Pritsak. 1982. Khazarian Hebrew Documents of the Tenth Century. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press.
• Golden, Peter B. 1980. Khazar Studies: An Historio-Philological Inquiry into the Origins of the Khazars. Budapest: Akademia Kiado.
• Golden, Peter B. 1998. "The Turkic peoples: A historical sketch." In: Johanson & Csató, pp. 16-29.
• Johanson, Lars & Éva Agnes Csató (ed.). 1998. The Turkic languages. London: Routledge.
• Johanson, Lars. 1998. "The history of Turkic." In: Johanson & Csató, pp. 81-125.[3]
• Johanson, Lars. 1998. "Turkic languages." In: Encyclopaedia Britannica. CD 98. Encyclopaedia Britannica Online, 5 sept. 2007.[4]
• Johanson, Lars. 2000. "Linguistic convergence in the Volga area." In: Gilbers, Dicky & Nerbonne, John & Jos Schaeken (ed.). Languages in contact. Amsterdam & Atlanta: Rodopi. (Studies in Slavic and General linguistics 28.), pp. 165-178.[5]
• Johanson, Lars. 2007. Chuvash. Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Oxford: Elsevier.
• Krueger, John. 1961. Chuvash Manual. Bloomington: Indiana University Publications.
• Liptak, Pal. 1983. Avars and Ancient Hungarians. Budapest: Akademiai Kiado.
• Maenchen-Helfen, Otto J. 1973. The world of the Huns: Studies in their history and culture. Berkeley: University of California Press.[6]
• Menges, K. H. 1968. The Turkic languages and peoples: An introduction to Turkic studies. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
• Paasonen, Heikki. 1949. Gebräuche und Volksdichtung der Tschuwassen. Gesammelt von Heikki Paasonen. Herausgegeben von Eino Karahka und Martti Räsänen. Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen Seura (Suomalais-ugrilaisen Seuran toimituksia, vol. 94).
• Pohl, Walter. 1988. Die Awaren: Ein Steppenvolk in Mitteleuropa 567 - 822 n. Chr. Munich: Verlag C. H. Beck.
• Pritsak, Omeljan. 1982. "The Hunnic Language of the Attila Clan." Havard Ukrainian Studies, vol. 6, pp. 428-476.
• Rashev, Rasho. 1992. "On the origin of the Proto-Bulgarians." In: Studia protobulgarica et mediaevalia europensia. In honour of Prof. V. Beshevliev. Veliko Tarnovo, pp. 23-33.[7]
• Róna-Tas, András. 1996. "The migration and landtaking of the Magyars." The Hungarian Quarterly, Vol. 37, No. 144, p. 37–41.
• Róna-Tas, András. 1998. "The reconstruction of Proto-Turkic and the genetic question." In: Johanson & Csató, pp. 67-80.
• Samoilovich, A. N. 1922. Some additions to the classification of the Turkic languages. Petrograd.[8]
• Schönig, Claus. 1997-1998. "A new attempt to classify the Turkic languages I-III." Turkic Languages 1:1.117–133, 1:2.262–277, 2:1.130–151.
• Vajda, Edward J. 2000. Review of Décsy (1998). Language 76.473-474.