| Maria Alexandrovna | |
|---|---|
| Empress consort of All the Russias | |
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| Maria Alexandrovna Portrait by Christina Robertson Hermitage Museum, 1850 |
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| Consort | March 2, 1855 - June 8, 1880 |
| Consort to | Alexander II |
| Issue | |
| Grand Duchess Alexandra Alexandrovna Tsarevich Nicholas Alexandrovich Alexander III Maria, Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich |
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| Birth name | |
| Maximilienne Wilhelmine Marie | |
| Titles and styles | |
| HIM The Empress of Russia HIH Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia HGDH Princess Marie of Hesse |
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| House | House of Romanov House of Hesse-Darmstadt |
| Father | Louis II of Hesse |
| Mother | Wilhelmine of Baden |
| Born | August 8, 1824 Darmstadt |
| Died | June 8, 1880 (aged 55) Saint Petersburg |
| Burial | Peter and Paul Cathedral |
Marie of Hesse and by Rhine (8 August 1824 - 8 June 1880) was a princess of the Grand Duchy of Hesse and, as Maria Alexandrovna (in Russian Мария Александровна), Empress consort of Alexander II of Russia. She was born at Darmstadt, the capital of the Grand Duchy, and died at Saint Petersburg. The Mariinsky Theatre and the city Mariehamn in Åland are named after her.
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Marie was the youngest of seven children born to the Grand Duchess Wihelmine of Hesse (1788 - 1836), the youngest sister of the Russian Empress Elizaveta Alexeievna, the younger four appearing to have been fathered by Baron August von Senarclens de Grancy. To avoid a scandal, Ludwig II, Grand Duke of Hesse acknowledged Alexander and Marie as his own children; the other two had died young. Yet they still lived in a separate establishment in Heiligenberg while the Grand Duke lived in Darmstadt[citation needed].
When in 1838, the Tsarevich Alexander Nikolayevich toured Europe to find a wife, he fell in love with the 14-year-old Marie. He married her on April 16, 1841, even though he was well aware of the "irregularity" of her birth. His mother Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna objected, but Alexander insisted.
As she was very shy, she was regarded as stiff, austere, and with no taste in dress, no conversation, no charm. The damp climate of Saint Petersburg did not agree with the delicate chest Marie had inherited from her mother, so that she had a racking cough and recurring fever. Nevertheless, she became the mother of eight children. These pregnancies together with ill health kept her away from many Court festivities, which brought temptations to her husband.
Although he always treated her well, Marie knew Alexander was unfaithful and had many lovers. He already had three children with his favorite mistress, Princess Catherine Dolgoruki, when he moved her and their children into the Imperial Palace. They entered into a morganatic marriage less than a month after Marie's death on July 6, 1880.
In 1855 Alexander became Emperor, which forced her to attend more State functions whether she was ill or not. Although Alexander II always treated her well, she knew from 1858 onwards that his feelings were for someone else. In 1865, the death of her eldest and favourite son, the Tsarevich Nicholas, was a great blow.
Every now and again she was able to go to her brother Alexander who lived with his morganatic wife in Heiligenberg. There she met Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, daughter of Victoria of the United Kingdom and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, wife of her nephew Prince Ludwig. She resented Alice's suggestion of the marriage between her brother Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh and her own daughter, but the marriage ultimately went through. When Alice died in 1878, Marie often invited the motherless children for visits to Heiligenberg. It was during these visits that Marie's son, Grand Duke Serge, first got to know his future wife, Alice's daughter Elisabeth as well as Marie's first encounter with Alix of Hesse, (who was the younger sister of Elisabeth) and would one day marry Marie's eldest grandson Nicholas II.
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Maria Alexandrovna (Marie of Hesse)
Born: 8 August 1824 Died: 8 June 1880 |
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| Russian royalty | ||
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| Preceded by Charlotte of Prussia |
Empress Consort of Russia 1855 – 1880 |
Vacant
Title next held by
Dagmar of Denmark |