The 16th Karmapa, Rangjung Rigpe Dorje (1924 - 1981)
| Karmapa | |
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The 16th Karmapa, Rangjung Rigpe Dorje (1924 - 1981) |
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| Tibetan name | |
| Tibetan: | རྒྱལ་བ་ཀརྨ་པ་ |
| Wylie transliteration: | rgyal ba karma pa |
| Tournadre Phonetic: | Karmapa |
| pronunciation in IPA: | [kaːmapa] |
| official transcription (PRC): | Garmaba |
| other transcriptions: | — |
| Chinese name | |
| traditional: | 噶瑪巴 |
| simplified: | 噶玛巴 |
| Pinyin: | gámǎbā |
The Karmapa (officially His Holiness the Gyalwa Karmapa) is the head of the Karma Kagyu, the largest sub-school of the Kagyupa (Tibetan Bka' brgyud), itself one of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism.
The historical seat of the Karmapas is Tsurphu Monastery in the Tolung valley of Tibet. His Holiness' principal seat in exile is the Dharma Chakra Centre at Rumtek Monastery in Sikkim, India. His regional monastic seats are Karma Triyana Dharmachakra in New York, Dhagpo Kagyu Ling in France and Tashi Choling in Bhutan.
Due to a controversy within the Karma Kagyu school over the recognition process, the identity of the current 17th Karmapa is disputed. See Karmapa controversy for details.
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Three marks of existence |
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Gautama Buddha |
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Buddhahood · Avalokiteśvara |
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Changzhug · Drepung · Dzogchen |
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Comparative Studies |
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The 1st Karmapa, Düsum Khyenpa (Dus gsum Mkhyen pa) (1110-1193), was a disciple of the Tibetan master Gampopa. A gifted child who studied dharma (Buddhist teachings) with his father from an early age and who sought out great teachers in his twenties and thirties, he is said to have attained enlightenment at the age of fifty while practicing dream yoga. He was henceforth regarded as the Karmapa, a manifestation of Avalokitesvara (Chenrezig), whose coming was predicted in the Samadhiraja Sutra[1] and the Lankavatara Sutra.[2]
The source of the oral lineage is traditionally traced back to the Buddha Vajradhara, was transmitted to the Indian master of mahamudra and tantra Tilopa (989-1069), through Naropa (1016-1100) to Marpa and Milarepa. These forefathers of the Kagyu (Bka' brGyud) lineage are collectively called the "golden rosary".
The 2nd Karmapa, Karma Pakshi (1204-1283), is often said[who?] to be the first person ever recognized and empowered as a tulku (sprul sku), a reincarnated lama (bla ma).
The Karmapas are the holders of the Black Crown (Tibetan: Shanag; Wylie: Zhwa-nag) and are thus sometimes known as the Black Hat Lamas. This crown (Tib. rang 'byung cod pan, lit. self-arisen crown), is traditionally said to have been woven by the dakinis from their hair and given to Karmapa in recognition of his spiritual realization. The physical crown displayed by the Karmapas was offered to the 5th Karmapa by the Chinese Yongle Emperor as a material representation of the spiritual one.
The crown was last known to be located at Rumtek Monastery in Sikkim, the last home of the 16th Karmapa, although that location has been subject to some upheaval since 1993 causing some to worry as to whether or not it is still there. An inventory of items remaining at Rumtek is purported to be something the Indian government is going to undertake in the near future.
The history of the Karmapa lineage, including biographical details of the historical Karmapas, can be found at the following web sites. Notice that the websites are written to those loyal to one or other of the rival 17th Karmapas, and their accounts of previous incarnations may not be written from a neutral point of view.
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