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Head Boy and Head Girl are terms commonly used in the British education system, and in private schools throughout the Commonwealth.
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In some British schools the student body (or the headteacher) appoints or elects a pupil or pupils as Head Boys and/or Head Girl. Head Boys/Girls are usually responsible for representing the school at events, and therefore must be good public speakers.[citation needed] They may also be expected to lead fellow Prefects in their duties.[citation needed] Deputy Head Boys/Girls may also be appointed.
The traditional formal title for the Head Boy in most public schools in the UK is Head of School.[citation needed] Heads of School have considerable power and are often largely responsible for maintaining school discipline outside of classes, acting as eyes and for staff in their absence.[citation needed]
Outside of the United Kingdom, many Public schools throughought the Commonwealth, particularly in the Caribbean and Asia, use the term Head Boy or Head Girl. Many other countries instead elect a President or Captain of the student government or Senior Prefect. However, the title continues to be used as title for the elected head of the student government at private schools, as well as maintaining currency throughout New Zealand, where almost every secondary school has a Head Boy and/or Girl
All schools in India, and many in the Commonwealth Caribbean, follow the same system as that in the United Kingdom, having Head Girls and Head Boys, Vice-Head Girl/Boy, Prefects and Class Representative. The Head Girl & Boy assist the teachers and administration of the school. Some Ghanian schools also follow a similar system.
Upper Canada College, a private school in Toronto, uses the title Head Boy differently, applying it to the student who has achieved the highest academic standing in their graduating class, similar, in principle, to the valedictorian at a American high school. What would otherwise be known as a Head of School at an equivalent British institution is known at Upper Canada College as the Head Steward.
In Sri Lankan Public and Private schools the term Head Boy/Girl is not used, instead the post of Head Prefect exists along with Deputy Head Prefects.
The term has become familiar to American readers through the Harry Potter books; Hogwarts School is loosely based on British public schools. The term is also often used in Ireland.