Coat of arms of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
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Coat of arms of FPR Yugoslavia (1943-1963). This version featured five torches that represented the brotherhood and unity of the five Yugoslav nations.
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| Use | As official emblem of Yugoslavia |
The coat of arms of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia featured six torches, surrounded by wheat with a red star at its top, and burning together in one flame; this represented the brotherhood and unity of the six federal republics forming Yugoslavia: SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SR Croatia, SR Macedonia, SR Montenegro, SR Serbia and SR Slovenia. The date imprinted is 29 November 1943 - on this date the Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ) met in Jajce on its second meeting and formed the basis for post-war organisation of the country, establishing a federal republic (this date was celebrated as Republic Day after World War II).
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History
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was an evolution of the coat of arms of Serbia. Graphically the coat was similar, with a two-headed eagle and with the Serbian crown manufactured in 1904, but it incorporated Serb, Croat and Slovenian symbols to represent the recognized nations of Yugoslavia at the time (Muslims by nationality were considered Muslim Croats or Muslim Serbs, Macedonians and Montenegrins were considered Serbs).
The main difference is found on the shield, which is now divided on three parts: the shield of the Coat of Arms of Serbia (white Serbian cross with four firesteels on the red field), Croatian chequy (the šahovnica) and the coat that represents Slovenia which was firstly created for this occasion (a six-sided golden star above the silver crescent). It should also be noted that the official Coat of Arms of Serbia is different than the Serbian part of the CoA of Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The Serbian Coat of Arms also bears two golden fleurs-de-lys in the shield, while the CoA of Yugoslavia did not. The real image of the Coat of Arms can be seen on the 10-dinar banknote of 1926;[1] the CoA depicted in this page thumb must be considered a free interpretation of its author.
SFR Yugoslavia
During World War II (1943–1945), the Yugoslav state was named Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (DFY), in 1945 it was renamed Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (FPR Yugoslavia), and again in 1963 into Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFR Yugoslavia). The new coat of arms of socialist Yugoslavia was designed in 1943 and remained in use up to 1963, when the country underwent reforms and was renamed for the final time. It featured five torches surrounded by wheat and burning together in one flame; this represented the brotherhood and unity of the five nations of SFR Yugoslavia: Croats, Serbs, Montenegrins, Macedonians, and Slovenes. The ethnic Muslims weren't represented as a constituent nation.
As part of the 1963 reforms, the name of the country was changed into Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and its coat of arms was redesigned to represent six Yugoslav federal republics (instead of the five nations). The new coat of arms was the final version with six torches, and was in official use up to the country's dissolution in 1992 (1963–1992). The date of the insignia remained the same, 29 November 1943, the date the Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ) met in Jajce on its second meeting.
Republic coats of arms
The Coats of arms of the Yugoslav socialist republics were defined by each of its six constituent republics. Coat of arms appeared as a symbol of statehood on the documents of republican level, for example on the signs of the republican institutions, on watermarks of school diplomas, etc. The coats of arms included old historical coats of arms where they could to demonstrate historical compatibility with the new socialist political system – see Croatian and Serbian traditional emblem in the middle of their coats of arms; also Slovenian Mount Triglav was recognized as a symbol of Slovenian Liberation Front during the National Liberation War during World War II. Where the old symbols were deemed inappropriate (the traditional cross on the Serbian coat of arms, ethnic or religious coat of arms for Bosnia and Herzegovina, the former traditionally monarchist symbolism for Montenegro or the historical lion for Macedonia), prominent features or unofficial national symbols were added, eg. mount Lovćen for Montenegro, chimneys for Bosnia and Herzegovina.
In a similar fashion to the federal Yugoslav emblem all republical coats of arms featured a red star and wheat or other important plants of the region. The individual coats of arms of the six Yugoslav socialist republics were as follows:
| Republic | Emblem | Author | Republic-specific features | Present-day coat of arms | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SR Bosnia and Herzegovina |  |
Unknown | Plants | Conifer twig (left), Deciduous twig (right), two sheaves of wheat (lower middle portion) |  Coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Landscapes, geographic features |
Silhouette of Jajce | ||||
| Industry | two factory chimneys | ||||
| Ornaments | red track | ||||
| SR Croatia |  |
Antun Augustinčić and Vanja Radauš[2] |
Plants | Wheat |  Coat of arms of Croatia |
| Landscapes, geographic features |
Adriatic Sea, Rising sun | ||||
| Industry | Iron anvil | ||||
| Ornaments | Chequy | ||||
| SR Macedonia |  |
Vasilije Popović–Cico[3] | Plants | Garland of wheat, tobacco leaves and poppy buds |  Coat of arms of Macedonia |
| Landscapes, geographic features |
River Vardar, Mount Korab, sunrise, sky | ||||
| Industry | – | ||||
| Ornaments | ribbon with traditional Macedonian embroidery | ||||
| SR Montenegro |  |
Milan Božović[4] and Milo Milunović[4] |
Plants | laurel wreath |  Coat of arms of Montenegro |
| Landscapes, geographic features |
Mount Lovćen,[5] Adriatic Sea | ||||
| Industry | – | ||||
| Ornaments | Montenegrin[5] tricolour of Pan-Slavic colors | ||||
| SR Serbia |  |
Đorđe Andrejević Kun | Plant | sheaf of wheat (left), sheaf of oak leaves with acorns (right) |  Coat of arms of Serbia |
| Landscapes, geographic features |
sunrise, sky | ||||
| Industry | cog-wheel | ||||
| Ornaments | red track (with inscriptions), Serbian traditional symbol | ||||
| SR Slovenia |  |
Branko Simčič | Plants | wheat, leaves of linden |  Coat of arms of Slovenia |
| Landscapes, geographic features |
Triglav, sea[6] | ||||
| Industry | – | ||||
| Ornaments | red ribbon | ||||
See also
- Flag of Yugoslavia
- List of Yugoslav flags
- Coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Coat of arms of Croatia
- Coat of arms of Macedonia
- Coat of arms of Montenegro
- Coat of arms of Serbia
- Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro
- Coat of arms of Slovenia
References
- ^ 10 dinar note of 1926
- ^ Stuparić, Darko. Diplomati izvan protokola : ambasadori Titove Jugoslavije, Centar za kulturnu djelatnost Saveza socijalističke omladine Zagreba, Zagreb, 1978., p. 75.
- ^ Jonovski, Jovan. Coats of arms of Macedonia, Macedonian Herald, Electronic Version, heraldika.org.mk, No. 3, March 2009, p. 9.
- ^ a b Markuš, Jovan B. Grbovi, zastave i himne u istoriji Crne Gore (Библиотека Свети Петар Цетињски), "Svetigora" (Izdavačko-informativna ustanova Mitropolije Crnogorsko-primorske), Cetinje, 2007., p. 47-48., ISBN 978-86-7660-054-0
- ^ a b Excerpt from the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro (1963) in: Guć, Nedeljko. (ed.) Društveno-političko uređenje, pravosuđe, uprava, (Zbirke propisa I-IV), knj. 1, Prosveta, Beograd, 1967, p. 303.
Члан 7.
Грб Социјалистичке Републике Црне Горе представља поље окружено ловоровим вијенцем који је доље повезан црногорском заставом. Између врхова ловоровог вијенца је петокрака црвена звијезда, а у средини поља представљен је Ловћен. Позади Ловћена с неколико вијуга представљено је Јадранско море.—Guć, 1967, 303 - ^ 8. člen Ustave Socialistične republike Slovenije (1974)
