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This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. |
This article covers the Orthography of Catalan, a Romance language. The Catalan alphabet is adapted from the Latin alphabet.
| Letter | Name | Pronunciation | example | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A a | a | /a/ | sac | 'sack' |
| B b | be | /b/ | biga | 'beam' |
| C c | ce | /k/ | casa | 'house' |
| ç | ce trencada | /s/ | Renaixença | 'Renaissance' |
| D d | de | /d/ | dalla | 'scythe' |
| E e | e | /ɛ/, /e/ | cec, sec | 'blind', 'dry' |
| F f | efa | /f/ | fosc | 'dark' |
| G g | ge | /g/, /(d)ʑ/ | gasa | 'lint' |
| H h | hac | Ø | haver | 'possession' |
| I i | i | /i/ | ric | 'I laugh' |
| J j | jota | /ʑ/ | ajut | 'help' |
| K k | ke | /k/ | karate | |
| L l | ela | /l/ /ʎ/ | pala, palla | 'shovel’, 'straw' |
| M m | ema | /m/ | mama | 'mum' |
| N n | ena | /n/ | mana | 'he commands' |
| O o | o | /ɔ/, /o/ | soc sóc | 'log', 'I am' |
| P p | pe | /p/ | piga | 'speck' |
| Q q | cu | /k/ | obliquar | |
| R r | erre | /ɾ/, /r/ | cera, serra | 'wax', 'saw' |
| S s | esse | /s/, /z/ | passar, pesar | 'to pass', 'to weigh' |
| T t | te | /t/ | talla | 'size' |
| U u | u | /u/ | suc | 'juice' |
| V v | ve baixa | /b/, /v/[1] | envejar | 'to envy' |
| W w | ve doble | |||
| X x | ics, xeix | /ɕ/, /ks/, /ɡz/ | xoc, expressió | 'shock', 'expression' |
| Y y | i grega | |||
| Z z | zeta | /z/ | zero | |
Catalan also possesses digraphs:
Catalan also uses the acute accent (é, í, ó, ú) to mark stressed high vowels and the grave accent (à, è, ò) to mark stressed low vowels :
If a diaeresis appears over the i or u of what would otherwise be a descending diphthong, the diphthong is broken into a hiatus :
In addition to this, ü represents /w/ between /g/ and a front vowel (which would otherwise be pronounced as a soft g :
