Angiotensin-converting enzyme

From MedBib.com - Medicine & Nature

Angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 1

PDB rendering based on 1o86.

Available structures: 1o86, 1o8a, 1uze, 1uzf, 2c6f, 2c6n, 2iul, 2iux, 2oc2

Identifiers

ACE; ACE1; CD143; DCP; DCP1; MGC26566

External IDs

OMIM: 106180 MGI: 87874 HomoloGene: 37351

Gene ontology
Molecular function:	• carboxypeptidase activity • peptidyl-dipeptidase A activity • zinc ion binding • hydrolase activity, acting on glycosyl bonds • chloride ion binding • metal ion binding
Cellular component:	• membrane fraction • soluble fraction • plasma membrane • membrane • integral to membrane
Biological process:	• proteolysis • metabolic process • blood pressure regulation

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Human

Mouse

ENSG00000159640

ENSMUSG00000020681

Refseq

NM_000789 (mRNA)
NP_000780 (protein)

NM_009598 (mRNA)
NP_033728 (protein)

Location

Chr 17: 58.91 - 58.94 Mb

Chr 11: 105.78 - 105.81 Mb

Pubmed search

Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE, EC 3.4.15.1) is an exopeptidase.

Contents

1 Functions
2 Synonyms
3 Genetics
4 See also
5 References
6 Further reading
7 External links

Functions

It has two primary functions:

it catalyses the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. ^[1]
it is involved in the inactivation of bradykinin, a potent vasodilator.

These two actions of ACE make it an ideal target in the treatment of conditions such as high blood pressure, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Inhibition of ACE (by ACE inhibitors) results in decreased formation of Angiotensin II (a far more potent vasoconstrictor than Angiotensin I) and decreased inactivation of bradykinin.

Synonyms

ACE is also known as:

peptidyl dipeptidase A
carboxycathepsin
kininase II (kinin-kallikrein system)
CD 143
ACE1

Genetics

The ACE gene, ACE, encodes 2 isozymes. The somatic isozyme is expressed in many tissues, mainly in the lung, including vascular endothelial cells, epithelial kidney cells, and testicular Leydig cells, whereas the germinal is expressed only in sperm.

See also

References

^ Physiology at MCG 7/7ch09/7ch09p16

Further reading

Niu T, Chen X, Xu X (2002). "Angiotensin converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and cardiovascular disease: therapeutic implications". Drugs 62 (7): 977–93. doi:10.2165/00003495-200262070-00001. PMID 11985486.
Roĭtberg GE, Tikhonravov AV, Dorosh ZhV (2004). "[Role of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism in the development of metabolic syndrome]". Ter. Arkh. 75 (12): 72–7. PMID 14959477.
Vynohradova SV (2005). "[The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism in development of metabolic disorders in patients with cardiovascular pathology]". Tsitol. Genet. 39 (1): 63–70. PMID 16018179.
König S, Luger TA, Scholzen TE (2006). "Monitoring neuropeptide-specific proteases: processing of the proopiomelanocortin peptides adrenocorticotropin and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in the skin". Exp. Dermatol. 15 (10): 751–61. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2006.00472.x. PMID 16984256.
Sabbagh AS, Otrock ZK, Mahfoud ZR, et al. (2007). "Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism and allele frequencies in the Lebanese population: prevalence and review of the literature". Mol. Biol. Rep. 34 (1): 47–52. doi:10.1007/s11033-006-9013-y. PMID 17103020.
Castellon R, Hamdi HK (2007). "Demystifying the ACE polymorphism: from genetics to biology". Curr. Pharm. Des. 13 (12): 1191–8. doi:10.2174/138161207780618902. PMID 17504229.
Lazartigues E, Feng Y, Lavoie JL (2007). "The two fACEs of the tissue renin-angiotensin systems: implication in cardiovascular diseases". Curr. Pharm. Des. 13 (12): 1231–45. doi:10.2174/138161207780618911. PMID 17504232.

External links

MeSH Angiotensin+Converting+Enzyme

v • d • e Proteins: clusters of differentiation (see also list of human clusters of differentiation)

1-50	CD1 (a-c, 1A, 1D, 1E) - CD2 - CD3 (γ, δ, ε) - CD4 - CD5 - CD6 - CD7 - CD8 (a) - CD9 - CD10 - CD11 (a, b, c) - CD13 - CD14 - CD15 - CD16 (A, B) - CD18 - CD19 - CD20 - CD21 - CD22 - CD23 - CD24 - CD25 - CD26 - CD27 - CD28 - CD29 - CD30 - CD31 - CD32 (A, B) - CD33 - CD34 - CD35 - CD36 - CD37 - CD38 - CD39 - CD40 - CD41- CD42 (a, b, c, d) - CD43 - CD44 - CD45 - CD46 - CD47 - CD48 - CD49 (a, b, c, d, e, f) - CD50

51-100	CD51 - CD52 - CD53 - CD54 - CD55 - CD56 - CD57- CD58 - CD59 - CD61 - CD62 (E, L, P) - CD63 - CD64 - CD66 (a, b, c, d, e, f) - CD68 - CD69 - CD70 - CD71 - CD72 - CD73 - CD74 - CD78 - CD79 (a, b) - CD80 - CD81 - CD82 - CD83 - CD84 - CD85 (a, d, e, h, j, k) - CD86 - CD87 - CD88 - CD89 - CD90 - CD91- CD92 - CD93 - CD94 - CD95 - CD97 - CD98 - CD99 - CD100

101-150	CD101 - CD102 - CD103 - CD104 - CD105 - CD106 - CD107 (a, b) - CD108 - CD109 - CD110 - CD111 - CD112 - CD113 - CD114 - CD115 - CD116 - CD117 - CD118 - CD119 - CD120 (a, b) - CD121 (a, b) - CD122 - CD123 - CD124 - CD125 - CD126 - CD127 - CD129 - CD130 - CD131 - CD132 - CD133 - CD134 - CD135 - CD136 - CD137 - CD138 - CD140b - CD141 - CD142 - CD143 - CD144 - CD146 - CD147 - CD148 - CD150

151-200	CD151 - CD152 - CD153 - CD154 - CD155 - CD156 (a, b, c) - CD157 - CD158 (a, d, e, i, k) - CD159 (a, c) - CD160 - CD161 - CD162 - CD163 - CD164 - CD166 - CD167 (a, b) - CD168 - CD169 - CD170 - CD171 - CD172 (a, b, g) - CD174 - CD177 - CD178 - CD179 (a, b) - CD181 - CD182 - CD183 - CD184 - CD185 - CD186 - CD191 - CD192 - CD193 - CD194 - CD195 - CD196 - CD197 - CDw198 - CDw199 - CD200

201-250	CD201 - CD202b - CD204 - CD205 - CD206 - CD207 - CD208 - CD209 - CDw210 (a, b) - CD212 - CD213a (1, 2) - CD217 - CD218 (a, b) - CD220 - CD221 - CD222 - CD223 - CD224 - CD225 - CD226 - CD227 - CD228 - CD229 - CD230 - CD233 - CD234 - CD235 (a, b) - CD236 - CD238 - CD239 - CD240CE - CD241 - CD243 - CD244 - CD246 - CD247- CD248 - CD249

251-300	CD252 - CD253 - CD254 - CD256 - CD257 - CD258 - CD261 - CD262 - CD264 - CD265 - CD266 - CD267 - CD268 - CD269 - CD271 - CD272 - CD273 - CD274 - CD275 - CD276 - CD278 - CD279 - CD280 - CD281 - CD282 - CD283 - CD284 - CD286 - CD288 - CD289 - CD290 - CD292 - CDw293 - CD294 - CD295 - CD297 - CD298 - CD299

301-350	CD300A - CD304 - CD305 - CD307 - CD309 - CD312 - CD314 - CD315 - CD316 - CD317 - CD318 - CD320 - CD321 - CD322 - CD324 - CD325 - CD326 - CD328 - CD329 - CD331 - CD332 - CD333 - CD334 - CD335 - CD336 - CD337 - CD338 - CD339 - CD340 - CD344 - CD349 - CD350

v • d • e Hydrolase: proteases (EC 3.4)

Exopeptidase 3.4.11-19	Angiotensin-converting enzyme - Dipeptidase (1, 2, 3) - Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 - DD-transpeptidase Metalloexopeptidases: Aminopeptidase (Alanine, Arginyl, Aspartyl, Cystinyl, Leucyl, Glutamyl, Methionyl (1, 2), O) - Carboxypeptidase (A, B, C, E, Glutamate II)

Endopeptidase 3.4.21-24	Serine proteases - Cysteine protease - Aspartic acid protease - Metalloendopeptidases

Cathepsin 3.4.18,21,22,23	A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - K - L1/L2 - S - W - Z

Categories: Genes on chromosome 17 | Human proteins | EC 3.4.15 | Kinin system