Alveolar lateral approximant

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IPA – number 155
IPA – text l
IPA – image {{{imagesize}}}
Entity l
X-SAMPA l
Kirshenbaum l
Sound sample (help·info)

The alveolar lateral approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents dental, alveolar, and postalveolar lateral approximants is l, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is l.

As a sonorant, lateral approximants are nearly always voiced. Voiceless lateral approximants are common in Tibeto-Burman languages, but uncommon elsewhere. In such cases, voicing typically starts about halfway through the hold of the consonant

Contents

Features

Features of the alveolar lateral approximant:

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Abkhaz мгьал [mgʲal] 'bread'
Angami Khonama dialect example needed Contrasts voiced and voiceless laterals
Arabic Standard[1] صلاة [sˤɑˈlaːh] 'prayer/salat'
Burmese example needed [] Contrasts voiced and voiceless laterals
Chechen лам /lam [laːm] 'mountain'
Dutch leven [leːvə(n)] 'to live' See Dutch phonology
English let [lɛt] 'let' See English phonology
Finnish illalla [ilːɑlːɑ] 'at evening' See Finnish phonology
French lune [lyn] 'moon' See French phonology
Georgian[2] ჰავა [ludi] 'beer'
German Liebe [liːbə] 'love' See German phonology
Greek καλόγερος [kä'lo̞ʝe̞ro̞s] 'monk' See Modern Greek phonology
Hungarian elem [ɛlɛm] 'battery' See Hungarian phonology
Italian[3] letto [ˈlɛtto] 'bed' See Italian phonology
Iaai example needed Contrasts voiced and voiceless laterals
Mandarin 老/lǎo [lao˨˩˦] 'old' See Standard Mandarin
Ngwe Njoagwi dialect [lɛ̀rɛ́] 'eye'
Norwegian liv [liːv] 'life' See Norwegian phonology
Pashto لس [ləs] 'ten'
Polish[4] pole [ˈpɔlɛ] (help·info) 'field' See Polish phonology
Portuguese Brazilian lua [ˈluɐ] 'moon' See Portuguese phonology
Romanian alună [aˈlu.nə] 'hazelnut' See Romanian phonology
Spanish[5] hablar [aˈβ̞laɾ] 'to speak' See Spanish phonology
Swedish allt [alt] 'everything' See Swedish phonology
Tamil[6] புலி [puli] 'tiger' See Tamil phonology
Tee example needed Contrasts voiced and voiceless laterals
Tibetan ལྷ་ས་ [l̥ʰásə] 'Lhasa' Contrasts voiced and voiceless laterals
Vietnamese lu [lu] 'fuzzy; dim' See Vietnamese phonology

See also

References

  1. ^ Thelwall (1990:38)
  2. ^ Shosted & Chikovani (2006:255)
  3. ^ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:117)
  4. ^ Jassem (2003:103)
  5. ^ Martínez-Celdrán et al (2003:255)
  6. ^ Keane (2004:111)

Bibliography

v • d • e
Consonants
List · Table
Pulmonics Bila​bial Labio​d. Den​tal Alv. Post. Retro​fl. Pal​a​tal Ve​lar Uvu​lar Pha​ryn. Epi​glot​t. Glot​tal Non-pulmonics and other symbols [edit • talk]
Nasals m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ  Clicks  ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ
Plosives p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ  Impl.  ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ
Fricatives ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ  Eject.  pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ sʼ
Approxim. ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ  Affr.  p̪͡f t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ t͡ɬ d͡ɮ
Trills ʙ r • ʀ • Other laterals  ɺ • ɫ
Flaps / taps ⱱ̟ ⱱ ɾ ɽ • • Co-art. fricatives  ɕ ʑ ɧ
Lateral Fric. ɬ ɮ • • • Co-art. approxim.  ʍ w ɥ
Lateral Appr. l ɭ ʎ ʟ Co-articulated stops  k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m
This table contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help]
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged to be impossible.
See also IPA · Vowels