1964

From MedBib.com - Medicine & Nature

Year 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1964 Gregorian calendar.

Events of 1964

January

• January - The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is dissolved.
• January 3 - U.S. Senator Barry Goldwater announces that he will seek the Republican nomination for President.
• January 5 - In the first meeting between leaders of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches since the 15th century, Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras I meet in Jerusalem.
• January 7 - A British firm, the Leyland Motor Corp., announces the sale of 450 buses to the Cuban government, challenging the United States blockade of Cuba.
• January 8 - In his first State of the Union Address, U.S. President Lyndon Johnson declares a "War on Poverty".
• January 9 -Martyr's Day: Armed clashes between United States troops and Panamanian civilians in the Panama Canal Zone precipitate a major international crisis, resulting in the deaths of 21 Panamanians and 4 U.S. soldiers.

January 8: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson's War on Poverty

• January 11 - United States Surgeon General Luther Leonidas Terry reports that smoking may be hazardous to one's health (the first such statement from the U.S. government).
• January 12 - The predominantly Arab government of Zanzibar is overthrown by African nationalist rebels; a U.S. destroyer evacuates 61 U.S. citizens.
• January 12 - Routine U.S. naval patrols of the South China Sea begin.
• January 13 - In Manchester, NH 14-year-old Pamela Mason is murdered. Edward Coolidge is tried and convicted of the crime, but the conviction is set aside by the landmark Fourth Amendment Case "Coolidge vs. New Hampshire (1971)."
• January 16 - Hello, Dolly! opens in New York City's St. James Theatre.
• January 16 - John Glenn, the first American to orbit the earth, resigns from the space program
• January 17 - John Glenn announces that he will seek the Democratic nomination for U.S. Senator from Ohio.
• January 18 - Plans to build the New York World Trade Center are announced.
• January 20 - Meet the Beatles!, the first Beatles album in the United States, is released.
• January 22 - Kenneth Kaunda is inaugurated as the first President of Northern Rhodesia.
• January 22 - Marc Blitzstein dies in Martinique, where he has gone to work on an opera commissioned by the Metropolitan Opera, Sacco and Vanzetti, which is left incomplete.
• January 23 - Thirteen years after its proposal and nearly 2 years after its passage by the United States Senate, the 24th Amendment to the United States Constitution, prohibiting the use of poll taxes in national elections, is ratified.
• January 23 - Arthur Miller's After the Fall opens on Broadway. A semi-autobiographical work, it arouses controversy over his portrayal of late ex-wife Marilyn Monroe.
• January 27 - France and the People's Republic of China announce their decision to establish diplomatic relations.
• January 27 - U.S. Senator Margaret Chase Smith (R-ME), 66, announces her candidacy for the Republican presidential nomination.
• January 28 - A U.S. Air Force jet training plane that strays into East Germany, is shot down by Soviet fighters near Erfurt; all 3 crew men are killed.
• January 29-February 9 - The 1964 Winter Olympics are held in Innsbruck, Austria.
• January 29 - The Soviet Union launches 2 scientific satellites, Elektron I and II, from a single rocket.
• January 29 - Ranger 6 is launched by NASA, on a mission to carry television cameras and crash-land on the Moon.
• January 30 - General Nguyen Khanh leads a bloodless military coup d'état, replacing Duong Van Minh as Prime Minister of South Vietnam.

February

• February 1 - The Beatles vault to the #1 spot on the U.S. singles charts for the first time, with "I Want to Hold Your Hand," forever changing the way popular music sounds, also starting the British Invasion in America.
• February 3 - Protesting against alleged de-facto school racial segregation, Black, Yellow and Prince Edward Islander groups in New York City boycott public school.
• February 4 - The Government of the United States authorized the Twenty-fourth Amendment outlawing the poll tax.
• February 6 - Cuba cuts off the normal water supply to the United States Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, in reprisal for the U.S. seizure 4 days earlier of 4 Cuban fishing boats off the coast of Florida.
• February 7 - A Jackson, Mississippi jury, trying Byron De La Beckwith for the murder of Medgar Evers in June 1963, reports that it can not reach a verdict, resulting in a mistrial.
• February 7 - The Beatles arrive from England at New York City's JFK International Airport, receiving a tumultuous reception from a throng of screaming fans, marking the first occurrence of "Beatlemania" in the United States.
• February 9 - The Beatles appear on The Ed Sullivan Show, marking their first live performance on American television. Seen by an estimated 73 million viewers, the appearance becomes the catalyst for the mid-1960s "British Invasion" of American popular music.
• February 11 - Greeks & Turks begin fighting in Limassol, Cyprus.
• February 11 - The Republic of China (Taiwan) drops diplomatic relations with France because of French recognition of the People's Republic of China.
• February 17 - Wesberry v. Sanders (376 US 1 1964): The Supreme Court of the United States rules that congressional districts have to be approximately equal in population.
• February 25 - Cassius Clay beats Sonny Liston in Miami Beach, Florida, and is crowned the heavyweight champion of the world.
• February 26 - U.S. politician John Glenn slips on a bathroom rug in his Columbus, Ohio apartment and hits his head on the bathtub, injuring his left inner ear, and prompting him (later that week) to withdraw from the race for the Democratic Party Senate nomination.
• February 27 - The government of Italy asks for help to keep the Leaning Tower of Pisa from toppling over.
• February 29 - U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson announces that the United States has developed a jet airplane (the A-11), capable of sustained flight at more than 2,000 miles per hour and of altitudes of more than 70,000 feet.

March

• March 4 - Teamsters President Jimmy Hoffa is convicted by a Federal jury of tampering with a Federal jury in 1962.
• March 6 - Constantine II becomes King of Greece, upon the death of his father King Paul .
• March 8 - Malcolm X, suspended from the Nation of Islam, says in New York City that he is forming a black nationalist party.
• March 9 - New York Times Co. v Sullivan (376 US 254 1964): The United States Supreme Court rules that under the First Amendment, speech criticizing political figures cannot be censored.
• March 9 - The first Ford Mustang rolls off the assembly line at Ford Motor Company.
• March 10 - Soviet military forces shoot down an unarmed reconnaissance bomber that had strayed into East Germany; the 3 U.S. flyers parachute to safety.
• March 10 - Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., Ambassador to South Vietnam, wins the New Hampshire Republican primary.
• March 12 - Malcolm X leaves the Nation of Islam.
• March 13 - In a notorious incident, 38 of her neighbors in Queens, New York City fail to respond to the cries of Kitty Genovese, 28, as she is being stabbed to death.
• March 14 - A Dallas, Texas jury finds Jack Ruby guilty of killing John F. Kennedy assassin Lee Harvey Oswald.
• March 20 - The precursor of the European Space Agency, ESRO (European Space Research Organization) is established per an agreement signed on June 14, 1962.
• March 21 - Non ho l'età by Gigliola Cinquetti (music by Nicola Salerno, text by Mario Panzeri) wins the Eurovision Song Contest 1964 for Italy.
• March 26 - U.S. Defense Secretary Robert McNamara delivers an address that reiterates American determination to give South Vietnam increased military and economic aid, in its war against the Communist insurgency.
• March 27 - The Good Friday Earthquake, the most powerful earthquake in U.S. history at a magnitude of 9.2, strikes South Central Alaska, killing 125 people and inflicting massive damage to the city of Anchorage, Alaska.
• March 29 - Radio Caroline becomes England's first pirate radio station from a ship anchored just outside UK territorial waters.
• March 30 - Merv Griffin's game show Jeopardy! debuts on NBC; Art Fleming is its first host.
• March 31 - The military, backed by the USA, overthrow Brazilian President João Goulart in a coup, starting 21 years of dictatorship in Brazil.

April

• April 2 - Mrs. Malcolm Peabody, 72, mother of Massachusetts Governor Endicott Peabody, is released on $450 bond after spending 2 days in a St. Augustine, Florida jail, for participating in an anti-segregation demonstration there.
• April 4 - The Beatles hold the top 5 positions in the Billboard Top 40 singles in America, an unprecedented achievement. The top songs in America as listed on April 4, in order, are: Can't Buy Me Love, Twist and Shout, She Loves You, I Want to Hold Your Hand, and Please Please Me.
• April 4 - Three high school friends in Hoboken, N.J., open the first BLIMPIE on Washington St.

April 8: Gemini 1 launched.

• April 5 - Jigme Dorfi, Premier of the Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan, is shot dead by an unidentified assassin in Puncholing, near the Indian border.
• April 7 - IBM announces the System/360.
• April 8 - Four of 5 railroad operating unions strike against the Illinois Central Railroad without warning, to bring to a head the 5-year dispute over railroad work rules.
• April 8 - Gemini 1 is launched on the first unmanned test of the 2-man spacecraft.
• April 8 - From Russia With Love is shown in U.S. theaters.
• April 9 - The United Nations Security Council adopts by a 9-0 vote a resolution deploring a British air attack on a fort in Yemen 12 days earlier, in which 25 persons were reported killed.
• April 11 - The Brazilian Congress elects Field Marshal Humberto de Alencar Castello Branco as President of Brazil.
• April 12 - In Detroit, Michigan, Malcolm X delivers a speech entitled "The Ballot or the Bullet."
• April 13 - 36th Academy Awards ceremony
• April 14 - A Delta rocket's third stage motor ignites prematurely in an assembly room at Cape Canaveral, killing 3.
• April 16 - The Rolling Stones release their debut album, The Rolling Stones.
• April 16 - Sentences totalling 307 years are passed on 12 men who stole £2.6m in used bank notes, after holding up the night mail train travelling from Glasgow to London in August 1963 - a heist that became known as the Great Train Robbery.
• April 17 - In the United States, the Ford Mustang is officially unveiled to the public.
• April 17 - Shea Stadium opens in Flushing, New York.
• April 19 - In Laos, the coalition government of Prince Souvanna Phouma is deposed by a right-wing military group, led by Brig. Gen. Kouprasith Abhay.
• April 20 - U.S. President Lyndon Johnson in New York, and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev in Moscow, simultaneously announce plans to cut back production of materials for making nuclear weapons.
• April 20 - Nelson Mandela makes his "I Am Prepared to Die" speech at the opening of the Rivonia Trial, a classic of the anti-apartheid movement.
• April 20 - BBC2 starts broadcasting in the UK.
• April 22 - British businessman Greville Wynne, imprisoned in Moscow since 1963 for alleged spying, is exchanged for Soviet spy Gordon Lonsdale.

April 22: 1964 New York World's Fair

• April 22 - The 1964 New York World's Fair opens to celebrate 300th anniversary of New Amsterdam being taken over by British forces under the Duke of York (later King James II) and being renamed New York in 1664. The fair runs until Oct. 18, 1964 and reopens April 21, 1965, finally closing October 17, 1965. (Not sanctioned, due to being within 10 years of the Seattle fair in 1962, some countries declined, but many countries had pavilions with exotic crafts, art & food.)
• April 25 - Thieves steal the head of the Little Mermaid statue in Copenhagen, Denmark (Henrik Bruun confesses in 1997).
• April 26 - Tanganyika and Zanzibar merge to form Tanzania.

May

• May 1 - At 4:00 a.m., John George Kemeny and Thomas Eugene Kurtz run the first program written in BASIC (Beginners' All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code), an easy to learn high level programming language which they have created. BASIC will eventually be included on many computers and even some games consoles.
• May 2 - Senator Barry Goldwater receives more than 75% of the votes in the Texas Republican Presidential primary.
• May 2 - Some 400-1,000 students march through Times Square, New York and another 700 in San Francisco, in the first major student demonstration against the Vietnam War. Smaller marches also occur in Boston, Seattle, and Madison, Wisconsin.
• May 2 - Henry Hezekiah Dee and Charles Eddie Moore, hitchhiking in Meadville, Mississippi, are kidnapped and beaten by members of the Ku Klux Klan. Their badly decomposed bodies are found by chance two months later in July, during the search for three civil rights workers - Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner.
• May 7 - Pacific Air Lines Flight 773 crashes near San Ramon, California, killing all 44 aboard; the FBI later reports that a cockpit recorder tape indicates that the pilot and co-pilot had been shot by a suicidal passenger.
• May 7 - At a mail rockets demonstration by Gerhard Zucker on Hasselkopf Mountain near Braunlage (Lower Saxonia, Germany), 3 persons are killed by a rocket explosion.
• May 9 - South Korean President Chung Hee Park reshuffles his Cabinet, after a series of student demonstrations against his efforts to restore diplomatic and trade relations with Japan.
• May 11 - Terence Conran opens the first Habitat store on London's Fulham Road.
• May 19 - The United States State Department says that more than 40 hidden microphones have been found embedded in the walls of the U.S. Embassy in Moscow.
• May 23 - Mrs. Madeline Dassault, 63, wife of a French plane manufacturer and politician, is kidnapped while leaving her car in front of her Paris home; she is found unharmed the next day in a farmhouse 27 miles from Paris.
• May 23 - Pablo Picasso paints his fourth 'Head of a Bearded Man'.
• May 24-May 25 - The crowd at a football match in Lima, Peru riots over a referee's decision in the Peru-Argentina game (319 dead, 500 injured).
• May 26 - Nelson Rockefeller defeats Barry Goldwater in the Oregon Republican primary, slowing but not stalling Goldwater's drive toward the nomination.
• May 27 - Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru of India dies; he is succeeded by Lal Bahadur Shastri.

June

• June 2 - Senator Barry Goldwater wins the California Republican Presidential primary, making him the overwhelming favorite for the nomination.
• June 2 - Five million shares of stock in the Communications Satellite Corporation (Comsat) are offered for sale at $20 a share, and the issue is quickly sold out.
• June 3 - South Korean President Park Chung Hee declares martial law in Seoul, after 10,000 student demonstrators overpower police.
• June 6 - With a temporary order, the rocket launches at Cuxhaven are terminated.
• June 7 - The Beatles travel the canals of Amsterdam.
• June 9 - In Federal Court in Kansas City, Kansas, army deserter George John Gessner, 28, is convicted of passing United States secrets to the Soviet Union.
• June 10 - The U.S. Senate votes cloture of the Civil Rights Bill after a 75-day filibuster.
• June 11 - Greece rejects direct talks with Turkey over Cyprus.
• June 11 - In Cologne, Germany, Walter Seifert attacks students and teachers in an elementary school with a flamethrower, killing 10 and injuring 21.
• June 12 - Pennsylvania Governor William Scranton announces his candidacy for the Republican Presidential nomination, as part of a 'stop-Goldwater' movement.
• June 12 - Nelson Mandela and 7 others are sentenced to life imprisonment in South Africa, and sent to the Robben Island prison.
• June 16 - 12-year-old Keith Bennett is abducted by Myra Hindley and Ian Brady
• June 19 - U.S. Senator Edward Kennedy, 32, is seriously injured in a private plane crash at Southampton, Massachusetts; the pilot is killed.
• June 21 - Three civil rights workers, Michael Schwerner, Andrew Goodman, and James Chaney, are murdered near Philadelphia, Mississippi, by local segregationist law enforcement officials.
• June 21 - Spain beats the Soviet Union 2-1 to win the 1964 European Nations Cup.
• June 25 - The Vatican condemns the female combined oral contraceptive pill.
• June 26 - Moise Tshombe returns to Congo from exile in Spain.

July

• July 2 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law.
• July 6 - Malawi declares its independence from the United Kingdom.
• July 8 - U.S. military personnel announce that U.S. casualties in Vietnam have risen to 1,387, including 399 dead and 17 MIA.
• July 16 - At the Republican National Convention in San Francisco, U.S. presidential nominee Barry Goldwater declares that "extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice", and "moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue".
• July 18 - Six days of race riots begin in Harlem.
• July 18 - Judith Graham Pool publishes discovery of cryoprecipitate, a substance that extended the lives of hemophiliacs around the world.
• July 19 - Vietnam War: At a rally in Saigon, South Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen Khanh calls for expanding the war into North Vietnam.
• July 20 - Vietnam War: Viet Cong forces attack a provincial capital, killing 11 South Vietnamese military personnel and 40 civilians (30 of which are children).
• July 21 - Race riots begin in Singapore between ethnic Chinese and Malays.
• July 22 - The second meeting of the Organization of African Unity is held.
• July 27 - Vietnam War: The U.S. sends 5,000 more military advisers to South Vietnam, bringing the total number of United States forces in Vietnam to 21,000.
• July 31 - Ranger program: Ranger 7 sends back the first close-up photographs of the moon (images are 1,000 times clearer than anything ever seen from Earth-bound telescopes).

August

• August 1 - The Final Looney Tune, "Senorella and the Glass Huarache", is released before the Warner Bros. Cartoon Division is shut down by Jack Warner.
• August 4 - American civil rights movement: The bodies of murdered civil rights workers Michael Schwerner, Andrew Goodman and James Chaney are found.
• August 4 - Vietnam War: United States destroyers USS Maddox and USS C. Turner Joy are attacked in the Gulf of Tonkin. Air support from the carrier USS Ticonderoga sinks 1 gunboat, while the other 2 leave the battle.
• August 5 - Vietnam War: Operation Pierce Arrow - Aircraft from carriers USS Ticonderoga and USS Constellation bomb North Vietnam in retaliation for strikes against U.S. destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin.
• August 5 - The Simba rebel army in Congo captures Stanleyville, and takes 1,000 Western hostages.
• August 7 - Vietnam War: The United States Congress passes the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, giving U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson broad war powers to deal with North Vietnamese attacks on U.S. forces.
• August 8 - A Rolling Stones gig in Scheveningen gets out of control. Riot police end the gig after about 15 minutes, upon which spectators start to fight the riot police.
• August 13 - Murderers Gwynne Owen Evans and Peter Anthony Allen become the last people to be executed in the United Kingdom.
• August 16 - Vietnam War: In a coup, General Nguyen Khanh replaces Duong Van Minh as South Vietnam's chief of state and establishes a new constitution, drafted partly by the U.S. Embassy.
• August 22 - Fannie Lou Hamer, civil rights activist and Vice Chair of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, addresses the Credentials Committee of the Democratic National Convention, challenging the all-white Mississippi delegation.
• August 24-August 27 - The Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City nominates incumbent President Lyndon B. Johnson for a full term, and U.S. Senator Hubert Humphrey of Minnesota as his running mate.
• August 27 - Walt Disney's Mary Poppins has its world premiere in Los Angeles. It will go on to become Disney's biggest moneymaker, and winner of five Academy Awards, including a Best Actress award for Julie Andrews, who accepted the part after she was passed over by Jack L. Warner for the leading role of Eliza Dolittle in the film version of My Fair Lady. Mary Poppins is the first Disney film to be nominated for Best Picture.
• August 28 - Bob Dylan turns The Beatles on to cannabis for the first time^[1]
• August 28-August 30 - Philadelphia 1964 race riot: Tensions between African American residents and police lead to 341 injuries and 774 arrests.

September

• September 2 - Indian Hungry generation poets arrested on charges of conspiracy against the State and Obscenity in literature.
• September 4 - The Forth Road Bridge opens over the Firth of Forth.
• September 10 - Germany receives its 1,000,000th foreign worker.
• September 14 - The third period of Second Vatican Council opens.
• September 14 - The London Daily Herald ceases publication, replaced by The Sun.
• September 16 - Shindig! premieres live on the American Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), featuring the top musical acts of the Sixties.
• September 17 - Goldfinger was shown in UK theaters.
• September 21 - The island of Malta obtains independence from the United Kingdom.
• September 24 - The Warren Commission Report, the first official investigation of the assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy, is published.
• September 25 - Mozambican War of Independence launched by FRELIMO.

October

• October - In Photoplay magazine, Hedda Hopper announces that Sophia Loren and Paul Newman will star in the film version of Arthur Miller's play, After the Fall, with Loren in the role that was written about Marilyn Monroe. The film was never made.

• October 1 - Three thousand student activists at University of California, Berkeley surround and block a police car from taking a CORE volunteer arrested for not showing his ID when he violated a ban on outdoor activist card tables. This protest eventually explodes into the Berkeley Free Speech Movement.
• October 1 - Inauguration of the Shinkansen, high-speed rail system in Japan, for the first sector between Tokyo and Osaka.
• October 2 - The Kinks release their first album, The Kinks (album).

• October 5 - Twenty-three men and thirty-one women escape to West Berlin through a narrow tunnel under the Berlin Wall.
• October 5 - Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Phillip begin an 8-day visit to Canada.
• October 10-October 24 - The 1964 Summer Olympics are held in Tokyo.
• October 12 - The Soviet Union launches Voskhod 1 into Earth orbit as the first spacecraft with a multi-person crew and the first flight without space suits. The flight is cut short and lands again on October 13 after sixteen orbits.
• October 14 - American civil rights movement leader Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. becomes the youngest recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize, which was awarded to him for leading non-violent resistance to end racial prejudice in the United States.
• October 14-October 15 - Nikita Khrushchev is deposed as leader of the Soviet Union; Leonid Brezhnev and Alexei Kosygin assume power.
• October 15 - The Labour Party wins the parliamentary elections in the United Kingdom, ending 13 years of Conservative Party rule.
• October 15 - Craig Breedlove's jet-powered car Spirit of America goes out of control in Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah and makes skid marks 9.6 km long.
• October 15 - The St. Louis Cardinals defeat the visiting New York Yankees, 7-5 to win the World Series in seven games (4-3), ending a long run of 29 World Series appearances in 44 seasons for the Bronx Bombers (also known as the Yankee Dynasty).
• October 16 - Harold Wilson becomes British Prime Minister for the first time.
• October 16 - The People's Republic of China explodes an atomic bomb in Sinkiang.
• October 18 - The NY World's Fair closes for the year (it will reopen April 21, 1965).
• October 20 - Former United States President Herbert Hoover dies in New York City.
• October 21 - The film version of the hit Broadway stage musical My Fair Lady premieres in New York City. The movie stars Audrey Hepburn in the role of Eliza Dolittle and Rex Harrison repeating his stage performance as Professor Henry Higgins, and which will win him his only Academy Award for Best Actor. The film will win seven other Academy Awards, including Best Picture, but Audrey Hepburn will not be nominated. Critics interpret this as a rebuke to Jack L. Warner for choosing Ms Hepburn over Julie Andrews.
• October 22 - Canada: A Federal Multi-Party Parliamentary Committee selects a design to become the new official Flag of Canada.
• October 24 - Northern Rhodesia, a former British protectorate, becomes the independent Republic of Zambia, ending 73 years of British rule.
• October 26- Eric Edgar Cooke becomes the last man executed in Western Australia. He is executed for murdering eight citizens in Perth, Western Australia in between 1959 to 1963
• October 27 - In Congo, rebel leader Christopher Gbenye takes 60 Americans and 800 Belgians hostage.
• October 29 - A collection of irreplaceable gemstones, including the 565 carat (113 g) Star of India, is stolen from the American Museum of Natural History in New York City.
• October 31 - Campaigning at Madison Square Garden, New York, U.S. President Lyndon Johnson pledges the creation of the Great Society.

November

• November 1 - Mortar fire from North Vietnamese forces rains on the USAF base at Bien Hoa, South Vietnam, killing 4 U.S. servicemen, wounding 72, and destroying 5 B-57 jet bombers and other planes.
• November 3 - U.S. presidential election, 1964: Incumbent U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson defeats Republican challenger Barry Goldwater with over 60 percent of the popular vote.
• November 3 - The Bolivian government of President Victor Paz Estenssoro is overthrown by a military rebellion led by General Alfredo Ovando Candía, commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
• November 5 - Mariner program: Mariner 3, a U.S. space probe intended for Mars, is launched from Cape Kennedy but fails.
• November 9 - The British House of Commons votes to abolish the death penalty for murder in Britain.
• November 10 - Australia partially reintroduces compulsory military service due to the Indonesian Confrontation.
• November 13 - Bob Pettit (St. Louis Hawks) becomes the first NBA player to score 20,000 points.
• November 19 - The United States Department of Defense announces the closing of 95 military bases and facilities, including the Brooklyn Navy Yard, the Brooklyn Army Terminal, and Fort Jay, New York.
• November 21 - Second Vatican Council: The third period of the Catholic Church's ecumenical council closes.
• November 21 - The Verrazano Narrows Bridge opens to traffic (the world's longest suspension bridge at this time).
• November 24 - Belgian paratroopers and mercenaries capture Stanleyville, but a number of hostages die in the fighting, among them Evangelical Covenant Church missionary Dr. Paul Carlson.
• November 28 - Mariner program: NASA launches the Mariner 4 space probe from Cape Kennedy toward Mars to take television pictures of that planet in July 1965.
• November 28 - Vietnam War: United States National Security Council members, including Robert McNamara, Dean Rusk, and Maxwell Taylor, agree to recommend a plan for a two-stage escalation of bombing in North Vietnam, to President Lyndon B. Johnson.

December

• December 1 - Vietnam War: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson and his top-ranking advisers meet to discuss plans to bomb North Vietnam (after some debate, they agree to enact a two-phase bombing plan).
• December 3 - Berkeley Free Speech Movement: Police arrest over 800 students at the University of California, Berkeley, following their takeover and massive sit-in at the administration building, protesting the U.C. Regents' decision to forbid Vietnam War protests on U.C. property.
• December 6 - The one-hour stop-motion animated special Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer, based on the popular Christmas song, premieres on NBC. It will become a beloved Christmas tradition, still being shown on television more than 40 years later.
• December 10 - Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in Oslo, Norway.
• December 11 - Che Guevara addresses the UN General Assembly.^[2]
• December 14 - Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States (379 US 241 1964): The U.S. Supreme Court rules that, in accordance with the Civil Rights Act of 1964, establishments providing public accommodations must refrain from racial discrimination.
• December 15 - The Washington Post publishes an article about James Hampton, who had built a glittering religious throne out of recycled materials.
• December 18 - In the wake of deadly riots in January over control of the Panama Canal, the U.S. offers to negotiate a new canal treaty.
• December 21 - The James Bond film Goldfinger begins its run in U.S. theaters. It will become one of the most successful and popular Bond films ever made.
• December 22 - Comedian Lenny Bruce is sentenced to four months in prison, concluding a six-month obscenity trial.
• December 23 - Wonderful Radio London commences transmissions with American top 40 format broadcasting, from a ship anchored off the south coast of England.
• December 26 - 10-year-old Lesley Ann Downey is abducted by Myra Hindley and Ian Brady.
• December 27 - Cleveland Browns defeat Baltimore Colts in NFL Championship Game
• December 31 - A performance of Tchaikovsky's then rarely televised ballet The Nutcracker is broadcast by ABC-TV. It is performed by the San Francisco Ballet, starring Cynthia Gregory in one of her earliest leading roles. The performance slips into television obscurity.

Undated

• Jerome Horowitz synthesizes zidovudine, an antiviral drug used in treating HIV.
• The Vishva Hindu Parishad is founded.
• Dr. Farrington Daniels' book Direct Use of the Sun's Energy is published by Yale University Press.
• First Moog synthesizer designed by Robert Moog.
• Roald Dahl writes Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.
• The Order of Bards, Ovates and Druids (OBOD) is founded in England.
• Cosmic microwave background radiation was discovered.

Ongoing

• Cold War
• Shifta War (1963-67)

Births